o Elements of lipids o Structure of glycerol & fatty acids o Condensation reactions to form triglycerides o Phospholipids Introduction to lipids Introduction to lipids
o Lipids contain the elements
carbon, hydrogen and oxygen. o They have numerous functions, primarily energy stores in animals and plants. o Lipids consist of two types of molecules - glycerol & fatty acids. Glycerol o A molecule of glycerol is made up of three carbon atoms. o Each of these has a hydroxyl group attached to it. o Hydrogen atoms occupy the remaining positions. Fatty Acids Fatty Acids o A single fatty acid molecule contains an acid (COOH) group attached to a hydrocarbon chain. o Hydrocarbon usually denoted by the letter ’R’. o Saturated = If every carbon atom in the chain is joined by a single C-C bond. o Unsaturated = at least one C=C bond. o Polyunsaturated = many double bonds. o Most animal fats are saturated while most plant fats are unsaturated. Triglycerides Triglycerides o A triglyceride molecule is made of a glycerol molecule and three fatty acids. o The molecules join together through the process of condensation losing a molecule of water each time a link is made. o The link between the glycerol molecule & each fatty acid is an ‘Ester Link’. o The fatty acids in a lipid molecule can differ in length and can be saturated or unsaturated. Triglycerides Phospholipids o In phospholipids one of the fatty acids of a triglyceride is substituted by a phosphate group. Phospholipids Phospholipids Lipids & water
o Triglycerides and phospholipids
have hydrophobic and hydrophilic groups. o What does this mean? o To what use is this feature put in biology? More Info o To make further notes on Lipids : o Pages 11 & 12 in Collins o Pages 69 - 71 Roberts o www.mrothery.co.uk o www.learn.co.uk o www.bbc.co.uk/education/asguru/ This powerpoint was kindly donated to www.worldofteaching.com
http://www.worldofteaching.com is home to over a
thousand powerpoints submitted by teachers. This is a completely free site and requires no registration. Please visit and I hope it will help in your teaching.