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Extrem Phil Es
Extrem Phil Es
Life on edge
1-40C
Deep sea –10C to 40C
Most rely on photosynthesis
Hydrothermal Vents- Black
smokers at 350 oC
Thermophiles
Obsidian Pool,
Yellowstone National Park
Psychrophiles
Chemical Extremes
Acidophiles - Acidic
Again some thermal vents & hot springs
Alkaliphiles - Alkaline
Soda lakes in Africa and Western U.S.
pH 0-1 of waters
at Iron Mountain
Alkaliphiles
Halophiles
Survival
Temperature extremes
Every part of microbe must function at
extreme
“Tough” enzymes for Thermophiles
“Efficient” enzymes for Psychrophiles
Enzyme
Product B
Substrate A
Product C
What are enzymes?
Activation energy
Enzymes allow reactions with lower energy
Without Enzyme
Energy
With Enzyme
Time
What are enzymes?
Enzymes are just a protein
They can be destroyed by
Heat, acid, base
They can be inhibited by
Cold, salt
Heat an egg white or add vinegar to milk
Protein is a major component of both- de-natures
(breaking the bonds that gives a 3D shape)
https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=akhs3wcSDGA
Practical Applications
Extremozymes
Enzyme from Extremophile
Industry & Medicine