ENDOPLASMIC RETICULUM-

• It is a large network of membrane bound tubes and

sheets extending from outer nuclear membrane to
the plasma membrane. They are of two types –
• *RER-ROUGH ENDOPLASMIC RETICULUM
• RER with ribosomes attached to its surface
synthesizing protein.
• SER-SMOOTH ENDOPLASMIC RETICULUM
• SER without ribosomes and synthesize lipids.
 MEMBRANE BIOGENESIS
• Some of the proteins and lipids helps in
formation of cell membrane and this process
is called MEMBRANE BIOGENESIS. Some
other proteins and lipids function as enzyme
and hormones.
FUNCTIONS OF ENDOPLASMIC RETICULUM

• It provides mechanical support.

• It provide channel pore to transport material
inside the cell.
• It helps for synthesize proteins and lipids.
• In the liver cell of group of animals , SER plays
an important role in detoxifying many poisons
and drugs.
 RIBOSOMES –
• Ribosomes are dense , spherical granule- like particles .
• These was first discovered by George Palade in 1955
under electron microscope , hence, these are also called
PALADE PARTICLES.
• In prokaryotic cell it float freely in the cytoplasm.
• In eukaryotic cell it occur free in cytoplasm and are also
attached to the surface of RER and nuclear envelop and
also found in the mitochondrian plastids .
• Provide place for synthesize of protein in the cell , hence
, they are known as the protein factories in the cell
 GOLGI BODY
• It is discovered by Camillo Golgi in 1898,It
consists of a system of membrane-bound
vesicles arranged parallel to each other in
stacks called cisterns ,it contain large spherical
vacuoles ,small spherical fluid filled vesicles .
In plant golgi bodies are called “dictyosome”.
FUNCTIONS OF GOLGI BODY
*It include storage , modification , and
packaging of products in vesicles.
*Synthesis of complex sugar from simple
sugar.
*It involve in the synthesis of lysosomes.
LYSOSOME
These are rod shaped structure present in the cytoplasm 0f all the eukaryotic cell except RBC
.These are also absent in prokaryotic cell .It is double layered structure , the outer
membrane is very porous while the inner membrane is deeply folded ,these folds are called
cristae . These folds create large surface area for ATP-generating chemical reaction.