Element of Drama

Aesthesia Nurasih
Daffa Mahathir
Winny
 The Intrinsic
elements of Drama

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 The Intrinsic elements of Drama
 Theme
◌ The theme of a play refers to its central idea. It can either be clearly stated through dialog
or action, or can be inferred after watching the entire performance.
◌ The theme is the philosophy that forms the base of the story or a moral lesson that the
characters learn. It is the message that the play gives to the audience.

 Plot :
What the characters do, how they interact, the course of their lives as narrated by the story,
and what happens to them in the end, constitutes the plot

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 The Intrinsic elements of Drama
 Character:
◌ Each character in a drama has his own personality and set of principles and beliefs.

◌ Actors in dramas have the responsibility to bring the characters to life. The main
character in the drama that is identified by the audience, is the protagonist. He represents
the theme of the drama. The character in conflict with the protagonist, is either the
antagonist or the villain.

◌ While some characters play an active role throughout the story, some are only meant to
carry the story forward and some only appear in certain parts of the story and may not have
an important role in it.

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 The Intrinsic elements of Drama
 Dialog
◌ The story is narrated to the audience through the interaction between the characters in
the play, which is in the form of dialogue. The content of the dialogue and the quality of its
delivery have an important role in the influence of the drama on the audience.

◌ They are important in revealing the character's personality. The words used, the accent,
the tone, the pattern of speech, and even the pauses in speech, speak volumes about the
character and help reveal not only his personality, but also his social status, past, and family
background as the play provides.

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 The Intrinsic elements of Drama
 Setting:
◌ The setting represents when and where the drama unfolds. It can have multiple places or
confined to a single space.
◌ The historical and social context, time period andthe location of the story is set are all
included in the design of the setting of any drama.

 Performance
◌ The impact of a story on the audience is largely influenced by the appearance of the
actors.
◌ When a written play is turned into a stage performance, actors are cast for different
roles, the way they portray the characters they are assigned, and the way their performance
is directed.

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 The Intrinsic elements of Drama
 Music
◌ This element includes the use of sound and rhythm in the dialogue as well as the musical
composition used in the play.

◌ Background, song, and sound effects used must complement the situation and the
characters in it. the right sound effects or music, placed at the right point in the story, and
act as a complement.

◌ The music and lyrics must match the theme of the drama.

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 The Intrinsic elements of Drama
 Visual
◌ Visual elements relate to scenes, costumes, and special effects used in them.

◌ The visual elements of drama, also known as spectacle, provide visual appeal to the
stage setting. Costumes and makeup must match the character.

◌ In addition, it is important for the scene to be dramatic enough to hold the audience in
their seats. The special effects used in the drama should highlight the highlighted part or
character of the story.

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 Elements of Literary ,
Technical , and Performance

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Element of Literary

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 Literary elements :

• Storyline (plot)
› the sequence of events of a play or arrangement of action, as opposed to the theme.

• Character
› a person portrayed in a drama, novel, or other artistic piece.

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• Plot structures (rising action, turning point, falling action)
› the arrangement of and relationship between the constituent parts of a
whole, or scenes and acts within a play or devised piece.

Type of plot
o Exposition – the beginning of the story, where characters and setting are established.
The conflict is introduced as well.

o Rising Action – A series of events build up to the conflict. The main characters are
established by the time the rising action occurs, and at the same time, events begin to
get complicated. It is during this part of a story that excitement, tension, or crisis is
encountered.

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o Climax – The turning point of the story. The moment of the highest interest and
emotion, leaving the audience wondering what is going to happen next.

o Falling Action – It occurs when events and complications begin to resolve. The
result of the actions of the main characters are put forward.

o Resolution – the end of the story, which may occur with either a happy
or tragic ending.

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• Conflict
› the internal or external struggle between opposing forces, ideas, or interests that creates
dramatic tension.

• Suspense
› a feeling of uncertainty as to the outcome, used to build interest and excitement on the
part of the audience.

• Theme
› the basic idea of a play; the idea, point of view, or perception that binds together a work
of art.

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• Language
› The particular way in which a character speaks. This could include accent, idiom,
dialect, vocabulary, or phrasing to suggest class, profession, culture, or personality.

• Style
› The individuality of expression conveyed through diction (word choice), syntax
(sentence structure, and/or punctuation).

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• Dialogue
› Spoken conversation used by two or more characters to express thoughts, feelings, and
attitudes.

• Monologue
› A long speech made by one actor; a monologue may be delivered alone or in the
presence of others. Not to be confused with soliloquy.

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 “
Technical Elements

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 Technical Elements

 Scenery (set)
› the physical surroundings visible to the audience, in which the action of the play
takes place.

 Costumes
› the clothing worn by the actors who play the characters. Oftentimes, these help to
establish characterisations, mood, and tone.

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 Technical Elements
 Props
› Short for properties, It refers to any article used as part of a drama production that
is not costume or set; it is any movable object that appears on stage during a
performance.

 Lighting
› The arrangement of lights to achieve particular effects in order to help create
mood or tone in a play.

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 Technical Elements

 Music and sound

› The effects an audience hears during a performance to communicate character,
context, environment, or mood.

 Makeup
› Wigs and body paints used to transform an actor into a character.

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Performance Elements

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 Performance Elements

1. Acting
▧ character motivation and analysis
› detailed examination on a character to find the reason behind a character’s behaviour.
▧ empathy

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 Performance Elements
2. Speaking
▧ Breath control
› proper use of the lungs and diaphragm muscle for maximum capacity and efficiency
of breath for speaking.
▧ Vocal expression
› how an actor uses his or her voice to convey character.
▧ Inflection
▧ Rate
▧ Diction / articulum

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 Performance Elements
3. Non Verbal Expression
▧ Gestures
› any movement of the actor’s body that is used to convey meaning, attitude, or
feeling.
▧ Body alignment
› physical stance taken by a performer which conveys information about the character
being played.
▧ Facial expression
› how an actor uses his or her face to convey the emotion of a character.

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 Performance Elements

▧ Movement
› the physical movements of the actors onstage during performance. It also refers to
the action of the play as its moves from event to event.

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 Thanks!
Any questions?

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