PHOTOSYNTHESIS

&
CELLULAR
RESPIRATION
 Cells

All organisms are made of cells

Some cells are Prokaryotic (no

nucleus) and some are
Eukaryotic (contains a nucleus)
 Structure of Cells
 Nucleus: Controls the cells functions
 Contains the cell’s genetic information. This is
organized into smaller structures called
chromosomes.

 Cell Membrane: Outer layer of the cell that

controls what materials that enter and exit the cell

 Ribosomes: Structure that makes proteins

 Mitochondria: Releases the chemical energy

stored in glucose (sugar).
 Structure of Cells

 Chloroplasts (plants): Contain a pigment

called chlorophyll which absorbs sunlight.
The chloroplast then convert the sun’s
energy into food for the plant.

 Cell Wall (plants): Protective layer

surrounding the cell membrane
Photosynthesis
 Every living thing needs energy to
carry out their functions.

 Photosynthesis is the process by which

cells capture the energy from sunlight
an use it to make food.

 During photosynthesis, plants and

some other organism use energy from
the sun to convert carbon dioxide and
water into oxygen and sugars,
including glucose.
Steps of Photosynthesis

 1. The chloroplast in a plant’s cell captures energy from

the sunlight.

 2. The cell uses the captured energy to produce sugars.

 A. For this to happen, the plant needs water (H2O)
and carbon dioxide (CO2)

 3. The chloroplast uses the water and carbon dioxide to

undergo a series of chemical reactions.

 4. The outcome (products) from this this reaction is

oxygen (O2) and glucose/sugar (C6H12O6)
Photosynthesis Diagram
Photosynthesis Equation
 Purpose of Photosynthesis
 Nearly all living things obtain energy
either directly or indirectly from the
energy of sunlight captured during
photosynthesis.

 Almost all the oxygen in the Earth’s

atmosphere was produced by living
things through the process of
photosynthesis.
 Cellular Respiration
 Cellular respiration is the process which cells take the
energy from glucose to function.

 During respiration, cells break down simple food

molecules such as glucose and release the energy they
contain.

 Breathing brings oxygen to your lungs, and oxygen is

necessary for cellular respiration to occur in most cells.
 How Your Body Obtains Energy
 1. You eat food and the food passes through your digestive
system.

 2. The food is then broken down into small molecules.

 3. These molecules then pass out of the digestive system and

into your bloodstream.

 4. The molecules travel through the bloodstream to the cells of

your body.

 5. Inside the cells, the energy in the molecules is released.

 Steps of Cellular Respiration
 1. Starts off in the cytoplasm of cells. Glucose is broken
down into smaller molecules.

 2. Next part takes place in the mitochondria. Molecules

are broken down even smaller. This reaction requires
oxygen, and a great deal of energy is released.

 3. The end product is carbon dioxide and water. These

products diffuse out of the cell.

 **This is why when you breathe in, you take in oxygen.

When you breathe out, you release carbon dioxide and
water.
Cellular Respiration Diagram
Cellular Respiration Equation
Photosynthesis vs
Respiration
 The equation for photosynthesis is the opposite for
cellular respiration.

 During photosynthesis, carbon dioxide and water

are used to produce sugars and oxygen.

 During cellular respiration, glucose (sugar) and

oxygen are used to produce carbon dioxide and
water.

 Photosynthesis and cellular respiration can be

thought of as opposite processes.