DEFINITION

Asthma is a heterogeneous disease characterised by a combination of

clinical manifestations along with reversible expiratory airflow
limitation or bronchial hyper responsiveness.
 RISK FACTORS FOR ASTHMA AND
TRIGGERS OF ASTHMA ATTACKS
Genetics Nose and Sinus problems

Immune response Drugs

Allergens Food additives

Exercise GERD

Air pollutants Psychological factors

Occupational factors Obesity

Respiratory tract infections

PATHOPHYSIOLOGY
CLINICAL MANIFESTATIONS
CLASSIFICATION OF ASTHMA
DIAGNOSTIC STUDIES
 History and physical examination
 Spirometry
 Chest X ray
 ABG
 Lung volumes
 Blood levels
COMPLICATIONS
Status asthmatics
Respiratory failure
Pneumonia
Atelectasis
Hypoxemia due to obstruction
Dehydration due to diaphoresis and hyperventilation
MANAGEMENT
DRUG THERAPY

1)Long - term control medications

2)Quick relief or rescue medications
Long – term control medications
1)Anti inflammatory drug
Corticosteroids
Leukotrine modifiers
Anti IgE
2)Bronchodilators
Long acting inhaled beta2-adrenergic agonists
Long acting oral beta2-adrenergic agonists
Quick relief medications
1)Anti inflammatory drugs
Corticosteroids

2)Bronchodilators
Short acting inhaled beta2-adrenergic agonists
Anti cholinergics ie inhaled
MANAGEMENT OF EXACERBATIONS
PEAK FLOW MONITORING
INHALERS

NEBULISERS
NURSING MANAGEMENT
NURSING ASSESSMENT
Health Promotion and Health Education
Acute care
Ambulatory care
Evaluation