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 The Dawn of
Filipino
Nationalism
Chapter 4
The Development of nationalism in the Philippines was quite
very slow. Although there was early resistance to colonial rule,
Filipino Nationalism emerged only in 19th Century. This Chapter
is geared towards analyzing the events that finally ushered in the
development of Filipino National consciousness and sense of
nationhood.
Philippines Under Spanish
Rule

Little brown
•Spaniards
Cross
• Live near the church
• Collect taxes from natives
• Filipino law-abiding
citizens
Unification of the Philippines
Under Spanish Rule
• Spain ruled the Philippines for more than 300 years.

• Before Spain’s arrival, the Philippines consisted of

independent and self-governing barangays, peopled
by diverse tribes.

• It was Spain who gave the Philippines its identity

(Zaide,1994).
• Spain’s Political system was gradually introduced
into the country.

• Barangays were merged to form pueblos, pueblos

into alcaldias, in addition to the ayuntamientos
established by the colonizers.

• Despite unification, the people started to nurture

resentment and dislike for foreign rule.
Spanish Crown
 Early Resistance of
Spanish Rule

• The Integration of the country into the Spanish Empire Resulted into the implemention of:

Taxation without representation

Polo y servicio = forced labor
Galleon trade
Indulto de comercio = license to trade
Government monopolies

• Government restrictions and control made the people experience hardships and miseries.
 Early Resistance of
Spanish Rule
Galleon Trade

Poly Y Servicio
 Examples of revolts under this cause:

• Revolt of Rajah Sulayman and Lakan Dula (1574)

• Tondo Conspiracy (1587-1588)
• Revolt of malong (1660-1661)
• Dagohoy’s revolt (1744-1829)
• Revolt of Diego Silang (1762-1763)
• Revolt of Palaris (1762-1764)
 FEATURES
Other major causesOF THErevolts
of early TOPIC and
uprising:
01 JUPITER
• Resistance to Spanish-imposed institutions
03 It’s the biggest planet
-Magalat revolt (1596) in our Solar System
-Revolt of the Irayas ( 1621)
-Cagayan Revolt (1639)
-Sumuroy Rebellion ( 1649-1650)
-Maniago Revolt (1660)
02
VENUS
• Agrarian unrest 04 Venus is the second
planet from the Sun
• The desire to revert to their native religion
 But, all of these did not last long. The early
revolts against Spanish rule failed for a number
of reasons.
• Owing to sectional jealousies
• Lack of communication in the provinces
• Absences of national leaderships
• The implementation of divide et impera or
“devide and rule”
• Filipinos were made to fight one another
by the colonial masters, failing to realize
that their common enemy was the
Spaniards.
The Emergence of the
Filipino Sense of
Nationhood
 The Emergence of the Filipino
Sense of Nationhood
• Filipinos development of their sense of nationhood started only during the last years
od Spanish rule.
• The following factors attributed to the development of Filipino Nationalism:
- Opening of the country to world commerce
- Rise of clase media
- Liberal regime of Carlos Ma. Dela Torre
- Racial discrimination
- Secularization controversy
- The Cavite Munity of 1872
 The Opening of
the Philippines to

World Commerce
● The opening of the country to world commerce was a
consequence of spain’s adoption of the laissez-faire policy
● With the entry of foreign products and businessmen, the
economic isolation of the Philippines was ended.
● Liberal ideas also entered the country. John Locke’s “
Theory of Revolution” and Jean Jacques Rouseau’s
“Social Contract Theory” was introduced.
 The Rise of Clase Media
● Class Media – a new middle class. The rise of this new social class of
mestizos and the principalia or the ruling elite.
● Families of this class benefited from the opening of the country to
foreign commerce and trade. Thus they were able to send their sons for
Education in Europe.
● Being educated from Europe, these sons of prosperous families were
able to see the differences of European and Filipinos Societies.
● They became disillusioned with Spain after witnessing how more
progressive are the states of other countries
● From their ranks emerged Filipino Propagandist clamoring for change
in the Philippines.
 Liberal Regime of
●

●
Carlos Ma. Dela Torre
The fall of Queen Isabella and the triumph of liberalism in Spain resulted into the
appointment of dela Torre as Governor –General in the Philippines.
With his assumption into office, he demonstrated his democratic and liberal philosophy in
governing the country.
● This development was something the friars then did not like. For the first time, the Filipinos
were allowed to talk about freedom and democracy openly.
● During his term of office, freedom of speech and of the press as guaranteed by the Spanish
Constitution were recognized.
● Because of this policy, Father Burgos and other Filipino clergy were motivated to work for
the Filipinization of parishes throughout the country.
● With restoration of the Spanish Monarchy and the return of conservatism in Spain, dela
Torre was removed from office.
● He was replaced by the reactionary Rafael de Izquierdo, who was boasted that he came to
the Philippines with a cross and a sword on the other.
 Racial Discrimination
● Another factor that contributed to the development of the Filipinos sense of
nationhood.
● The Spaniards considered the Filipinos an inferior race and sarcastically called
them Indios. Discrimination towards to the Filipinos were prevalent in the
universities, government offices, church, and the Court of Justice.
● Fray Miguel de Bustamante portrayed the Filipino in his pamphlet “ Si Tandang
Basyong Macunat” as an individual with low mental ability, incapable of
acquiring European Education, and fitted only to work in the fields and tend to
carabaos.
● This kind of attack intensified the enmity between Filipino and Spaniards. This
led them to realize that the Spaniards and the Filipinos were two separate,
distinct peoples.
 Secularization
● Controversy
Secularization Controversy of parishes was the transfer of the ministries
established by the regular Spanish clergy to the Filipino seculars.
● The controversy began as a religious issue then later on became a racial
controversy between the friars and the Filipino secular clergy.
● Leading the Filipino seculars in the struggle was Fr. Pedro Pelaez, an insulares,
who rose to the position of vicar capitular of Manila. He led the fight against
royal decrees turning secular parishes over to the friars.
● The Jesuits then returned to the Philippines. Parishes under Filipino regulars in
Manila were then turned over to the Recollects in exchange for the Parishes held
by the Recollects in Mindanao.
 Secularization
●
Controversy
Fr. Pelaez appealed to Queen Isabella II for ecclesiastical equality between the
Spanish regulars and Filipino seculars.
● But, the earthquake that occurred in Manila took the life of Fr. Pelaez . The
struggle for equality was then temporarily stopped.
● Fr. Burgos continued the struggle started by his former professor. He exerted all
efforts to defend the Filipino clergy from the attacks of the Spanish regulars.
● The controversy led to the unification of the Filipino clergy, which in effect,
strengthened their sense of identity.
● The former religious conflict took on racial overtones because the friars were
Spaniards and seculars were true-blooded Filipinos.
● For the first time, the word “ Filipino” meant not only the Filipino Spaniards :
now it included the native clergy.
●
Cavite Munity of 1872
On the night of January 20, 1872, a munity broke out among Filipino soldiers in the arsenal
of Cavite under the leadership of Sgt. La Madrid.
● This Munity was brought about by Izquierdo’s abolition of their exemption from tributes
and forced labor, which the soldiers previously enjoyed.
● The Spanish authorities took advantage of the situation by arresting liberal-minded
Filipino. Nine Filipino Priests were deported to Marianas Islands, together with thirteen
lawyers and businessmen.
● The incident was exaggerated by the Spaniards to implicate Father Jose Burgos, Mariano
Gomez, and Jacinto Zamora, due to their active involvement in the campaign for the
secularization of parishes. These three priests were executed by garotte for alleged
complicity in the rebellion.
● The Filipinos deeply resented the execution of GomBurZa, owing to their innocence of the
crime for which they were tried. They hailed the three Filipinos priests as true martyr of the
fatherland.
● The martyrdom of GomBurZa was a turning point in Philippine History.it ushered in an
area of peaceful campaign for reforms to counter the evils of the Spanish Regime, known in
our history as the Propaganda Movement.
 Rizal and the Cavity
Munity of 1872
● Rizal was still very young when the munity broke out. Although at his
tender age, Rizal was already cognizant of the deplorable conditions of the
country.
● Originally, his plan was to take up priesthood and become a Jesuit Father.
When he heard of the martyrdom of GomBurZa, he changed his mind and
swore to dedicate his life to vindicate the victims of Spanish oppression. He
was only 11 years old at this time.
● In his letter to Ponce, he said:
his letter to Ponce, he
“Without 1872 there would not be now either a Plaridel, or Jaena, nor Sanciano, or
said:
would there exist brave and generious Filipino colonies in Europe; Without 1872 Rizal
would be a Jesuit now and instead of writing the Noli Me Tangere, would have written
the opposite. At the sight of those injustices and cruelties, while still a child, my
imagination was awakened an I swore to devote myself to avenge one day so many
victims…’’ and with this idea in mind I have been studying and this can be read in all
my works and writings. God will someday give me an opportunity to carry out my
promise. Good! May they commit abuses, let there be imprisonments, banishments,
executions, good. Let destiny be fulfilled! The day they lay their hands on us, the day
they martyrize innocent families for our fault, goodbye friar government, and perhaps
goodbye Spanish government.”
 Activity
01 ACNNFTIIIOU
02 AAEUIISCLRNTOZ
03 NEEMREECG
Quiz
 Group 4:
Jean Silva
Angelica Rivera

THE END!
Janice Delgado
Mary Justine
Polland Pagcaliwangan
Rachelle Dimaano
Rocelyn Ciar
Wendy Realuyo
Sarah Marie Nario
• The natives were pacified by the use of the cross

• The reduccion plan of Fr. Juan de Placensia was

implemented. It transformed the Filipinos into law-
abiding citizens under the Spanish Crown.

• Because of this plan, the independence of the

barangays was lost.

• With the imposition of Catholicism and Spanish

Culture, the Filipino were transformed into ” Little
brown Spaniards”.