Miracle for Nurses Academy

Foundations of Nursing
Introduction
 Introduction
• The word nurse comes from a Latin word ‘ ‘Nutrica’-
Meaning nature or nourish
Definition of nursing
• "The unique function of the nurse is to assist the individual,
sick or well, in the performance of those activities
contributing to health or its recovery (or to peaceful death)
that he would perform unaided if he had the necessary
strength, will or knowledge“
Virginia Henderson
•  “the act of utilizing the patient’s environment to assist him
in his recovery.”
• In what time period did nursing care as we now know it
begin?
 Important Personalities
Florence Nightingale
• Nightingale was born in Florence, Italy, on May 12, 1820
• Died on 13th August 1910
• The Lady with the lamp (Florence Nightingale is famous as the “lady with
the lamp” in the Crimean War, 1854—56)
•  Florence Nightingale brought a team of 38 volunteer nurses to care for
the British soldiers fighting in the Crimean War
• Her work led to a reduction in the death rates of injured soldiers from
42% to 2%.
• Founder of modern nursing, mother of nursing
• Published ‘Notes on Nursing: What it is, What it is not’ in 1859
• First nurse theorist, first nurse statistician, first nurse epidemiologist
• She was a statistician, using bar and pie charts, highlighting key points.
• Nightingale’s Circular histogram- Coxcomb
• In 1860, she laid the foundation of professional nursing with the
establishment of her nursing school at St Thomas' Hospital in London.
 Florence Nightingale…
• Nightingale's environmental theory was based on the
frame work of natural healing
• First nursing philosophy on health maintenance and
restoration was established by Florence Nightingale
• In 1883, Nightingale was given the Royal Red Cross by
Queen Victoria.
• In 1907, she was the first woman to receive the Order
of Merit.
• In 1908, she was given the Honorary Freedom of the
City of London.
• International Nurses Day is celebrated on her birthday.
 International Nurses Day
May 12th

• 2018 – Nurses: A Voice to Lead – Health is a

Human right
• 2019 – Nurses: A Voice to Lead – Health for All
• 2020 – Nurses: A Voice to Lead – Nursing the
World to Health
• 2021 - Nurses: A Voice to Lead - A Vision for
Future Healthcare
• 2022 -Nurses: A Voice to Lead - Invest in Nursing
and respect rights to secure global health.
 The International Council of Nurses
• The International Council of Nurses (ICN) -
Formed in 1899
• An international code of ethics for nurses was
first adopted by the International Council of
Nurses (ICN) in 1953.
• Dr Pamela Cipriano-29th President of the
International Council of Nurses
 Virginia Henderson
• “The Nightingale of Modern Nursing”
• “Modern-Day Mother of Nursing.”
• "The 20th century Florence Nightingale."
 Important Personalities …
• First school of Nursing established by-
Theodor Fleidner ( Hospital of deaconess training center on
1836, October 13)
• America’s first trained nurse- Linda Richard
• Mother of Psychiatric Nursing- Hildegard Peplau
• Founder of public health nursing, founder of the modern-day
public health nursing, term ‘public health nurse” - Lillian
Wald
Henry Street Settlement in New York City in 1895, visiting
nurse service
• Founder of American Red Cross,  “Angel of the
Battlefield.”- Clara Barton
 Important Personalities
• Margaret Sanger: Founder of planned parent hood, She
is credited with originating the term birth control.
• Mahoney, Mary: The first African American graduate nurse.
• Mary Seacole : The black Florence nightingale
• Lavinia Dock: was a nursing leader and women's rights
activist instrumental in women's right to vote
• Dorothea Dix: Dorothea Dix was the pioneering force in the
movement to reform the treatment of the mentally ill in
America.
• Virginia Lynch-is a modern nurse who is known as the
“Mother of Forensic Nursing”.
 History of Nursing- World
• Nurse training school of Women’s Hospital of
Philadelphia: Established in 1872, reputed to be the
first permanent school of nursing in the United States.
• 1888: Darius Mills Establishes the First Formal Nursing
Program for Men
• Nurses’ Associated Alumnae of the United States and
Canada:
Originally founded in 1896 with the intent of achieving
licensure for nurses; became the American Nurses
Association (ANA)
• American Society of Superintendents of Training Schools of
Nursing: A national nursing organization founded in 1893 to
elevate the standards of nursing education; later became the
National League for Nursing Education, and ultimately, the
National League for Nursing (NLN)
• 1911- Nurses’ Associated Alumnae of the United States and
Canada renames as ANA
• Goldmark Report: Published in 1923, this report
recommended that nursing education develop educational
standards, schools of nursing adopt a primary focus on
education and be moved to universities, and nurse educators
receive advanced education.
• Montag, Mildred: Developed the concept for associate degree
in nursing programs.
 History of Nursing- India
• 1871: School of Nursing in General Hospital
Madras
• 1908: TNAI Established
• 1926: First Nurses Registration act passed in
Madras
• 1935: Madras & Bombay Nursing councils
established
History of Nursing- India
 History of Nursing-India
• 1959: MSc Nursing started at RAK college of Nursing
• 1963: PBBSc Nursing
• 1968: MSc Nursing, CMC Vellore
• 1972: BSc Nursing, TVM Medical College, Kerala
 History of Nursing- India
• 1985: IGNOU Established
• 1986: M.Phil at RAK College , Newdelhi
First time PhD programme started in
PGIMER, Chandigrah, Punjab university
• 1987: MSc Nursing, TVM Medical College,
Kerala
 History of Nursing- India
• 1988: MSc Nursing in NIMHANS
• 1992: PhD in NIMHANS
• 1992: PhD in RAK College , Newdelhi
• 1994: Post Basic BSc Nursing by IGNOU, Newdelhi
• 2001: PhD at NIMHANS , Bangalore
• 2005: National consortium for PhD Nursing by INC
collaboration with RGUHS
• 2009: IGNOU started PhD in Nuring
 Kerala Nurses and Midwives
Council
 Kerala Nurses and Midwives Council is an
autonomous body under the Government of
Kerala, Health and Family Welfare
Department and was consituted by
Government of Kerala under the provisions of
Nurses and Midwives Act 1953
 Prof. Sulekha. A. T.
 TNAI
 Established in 1908
 TNAI got affiliated with ICN in the year 1912
 GOI recognized TNAI as service organization
in 1950
 Key office bearers
• President : Dr . Roy K George
• Secretary general : Mrs. Evelyn P Kannan
 Indian postal department honored TNAI by
releasing stamp in the name of TNAI in 2011