Resonance: When Lewis Structures

Fail
 There are some molecules for which we
cannot write Lewis structures that agree
with experimental observations.
 For example, the formate ion, CHO2-, if
drawn using Lewis rules, would be:
 Resonance: When Lewis Structures
Fail
 Experimental observation shows that
the bond between the carbon and the
two oxygens are the same length.
 Since a CO double bond is a different
length then the single bond, the lewis
structure must be wrong.
 Resonance: When Lewis Structures
Fail
 Actually, observation shows that it is
neither of the lengths of the single or
double bond, but a resonance hybrid,
and can be drawn like this:
 Resonance: When Lewis Structures
Fail
 A simple way of determining whether
resonance should be applied is that:
 When you must move electrons to
create one more more double bonds, the
number of resonance structures is equal
to the number of equivalent choices for
the loacations of the double bonds
 Resonance: When Lewis Structures
Fail
 In a nitrate ion, NO3-, the double bond
between N and the O can exist with any
three of the oxygens.
 Latihan
1. Gambarkan struktur resonansi pada
benzena
2. Gambarkan struktur resonansi pada CO32-
3. Gambarkan struktur resonansi pada SO32-
4. Gambarkan struktur resonansi pada PO43-