Mathematical

Language
G - M AT H 1 0 0

R H E A R . M AT E O
 GOSPEL READING: John 10:22-30

22 It was the feast of the Dedication at Jerusalem; 23 it was winter,

and Jesus was walking in the temple, in the portico of Solomon. 24 So
the Jews gathered round him and said to him, "How long will you
keep us in suspense? If you are the Christ, tell us plainly." 25 Jesus
Let us remember answered them, "I told you, and you do not believe. The works that I
that we are in the do in my Father's name, they bear witness to me; 26 but you do not
most holy believe, because you do not belong to my sheep. 27 My sheep hear
presence of my voice, and I know them, and they follow me; 28 and I give them
eternal life, and they shall never perish, and no one shall snatch them
GOD. out of my hand. 29 My Father, who has given them to me, is greater
than all, and no one is able to snatch them out of the Father's hand. 30
I and the Father are one."
Review of Lesson
(Mathematical Language)
Importance
of 1. To understand the expressed
ideas.
Language 2. To communicate ideas to
of Math others.
 Characteristics of Language

1. precise 2. concise 3. powerful

exact, accurate, say things briefly express complex

specific thought with ease
Four Basic Concepts
1. Sets (relationships, operations, properties)

2. Relations (equivalence relations)

3. Functions (Injective, Surjective, Bijective)

4. Binary Operations
1. Sets
Founder
Definition
Operations
Georg Cantor, in full Georg Ferdinand Ludwig Philipp Cantor,
 What is a set?

A set is a well-defined collection of distinct objects. The

objects that make up a set (also known as the set's
elements or members) can be anything: numbers, people,
letters of the alphabet, other sets, and so on.
Operations on
sets
Universal Sets and • The universal set is a general set that

Venn Diagrams
contains all elements under discussion.

• John Venn (1843 – 1923) created Venn

diagrams to show the visual relationship among sets.

• Universal set is represented by a rectangle

• Subsets within the universal set are depicted by circles, or

sometimes ovals or other shapes.

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Example 1
Determining Sets From a Venn Diagram

• Use the Venn diagram to determine each of the

following sets:

a. U

U = { O , ∆ , $, M, 5 }

b. A

A={O,∆}

c. The set of elements in U that are not in A.

{$, M, 5 }

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 Representing Two Sets in a Venn Diagram
Disjoint Sets: Two sets that have Equal Sets: If A = B then
no elements in common. AB and B  A.

Proper Subsets: All elements of Sets with Some Common Elements

set A are elements of set B. Some means “at least one”. The

representing the sets must overlap.

Example 2
Determining sets from a Venn Diagram
Use the Venn Diagram to determine:

a. U

b. B

c. The set of elements in A but not B

d. The set of elements in U that are

not in B Solutions:

e. The set of elements in both A and a. U = { a, b, c, d, e, f, g }

B. b. B = {d, e }

c. {a, b, c }

d. {a, b, c, f, g }

e. {d}
The Complement of a Set
• The complement of set A, symbolized by A’ is the
set of all elements in the universal set that are not
in A. This idea can be expressed in set-builder
notation as follows:
A’ = {x | x  U and x  A}

• The shaded region represents the complement of

set A. This region lies outside the circle.
Example 3
Finding a Set’s Complement

Let U = { 1, 2, 3, 4, 5, 5, 6, 8, 9} and A = {1, 3, 4, 7 }. Find

A’.

Solution:
Set A’ contains all the elements of set U that are not in
set A.
Because set A contains the

elements 1,3,4,and 7, these

elements cannot be members of

set A’:
A’ = {2, 5, 6, 8, 9}
The Intersection and Union of Sets
• The intersection of sets A and B, written A∩B, is the set
of elements common to both set A and set B. This
definition can be expressed in set-builder notation as
follows:
A∩B = { x | x A and xB}
• The union of sets A and B, written AUB is the set of
elements are in A or B or in both sets. This definition can
be expressed in set-builder notation as follows:
AUB = { x | x A or xB}
• For any set A:
• A∩Ø = Ø
• AUØ = A
Example 4
Finding the Intersection of Two Sets
• Find each of the following intersections:
a. {7, 8, 9, 10, 11} ∩ {6, 8, 10, 12}
{8, 10}
b. {1, 3, 5, 7, 9} ∩ {2, 4, 6, 8}
Ø
c. {1, 3, 5, 7, 9} ∩ Ø
Ø
Example 5
Finding the Union of Sets
Find each of the following unions:

a. {7, 8, 9, 10, 11} U {6, 8, 10, 12} a. {6, 7, 8, 9, 10, 11, 12}

b. {1, 3, 5, 7, 9} U {2, 4, 6, 8} b. {1, 2, 3, 4, 5, 6, 7, 8, 9}

c. {1, 3, 5, 7, 9} U Ø c. {1, 3, 5, 7, 9}

Se cti on 2.3
Example 6
Performing Set Operations
Always perform any operations inside parenthesis first!
Given:
U = { 1, 2, 3, 4, 5, 6, 7, 8, 9, 10}
A = { 1, 3, 7, 9 }
B = { 3, 7, 8, 10 }
• Find

a. (A U B)’ b. A’ ∩ B’
Solution: Solution
A U B = {1, 3, 7, 8, 9, 10} A’ = {2, 4, 5, 6, 8, 10}
(A U B)’ = {2, 4, 5, 6}
B’ = {1, 2, 4, 5, 6, 9}
A’ ∩ B’ = {2, 4, 5, 6 }
Sec ti on 2 .3
Example 7
Determining Sets from a Venn
Diagram

Set to Description of Set Regions in

Determine Venn Diagram
a. A  B set of elements in A or B or Both I,II,III
b. (A  B)’ set of elements in U that are not in A  B IV
c. A  B set of elements in both A and B II
d. (A  B)’ set of elements in U that are not in A  B I, III, IV
e. A’  B set of elements that are not in A and are in B III
f. A  B’ set of elements that are in A or not in B or
both I,II, IV

Sec ti on 2 .3
2. Equivalence Relations

RelationsMMW 2nd sem

SY2020-2021\Sets(Relations)\Relations.pptx

Types of Relations MMW 2nd sem

SY2020-2021\Sets(Relations)\Types of Relations.pptx
Logical Connectives