Political Economic Risk and Assessment Model

The Assessment Models:

Political Economy Risk
• Lipset (Legitimacy & Effectiveness)
• Rustow (Political leadership)
• David Easton (Political System)
• Almond & Powell (Political System)
• Samuel Huntington (Political Gap)
• Democracy & Economic Development
• Gurr (Frustration-Aggression)
• Economic Gap System Analysis
 LIPSET MODEL
Legitimacy &
Effectiveness

• Seymour Martin Lipset (sociologist and political scientist),

has create a model that focus on democracy situation
based on comparative with other democracy country

• Three major contributions by Lipset - Political Man, Party

Systems and Voter Alignment, and Some Social Requisites
of Democracy,
 LIPSET – DEMOCRACY PERFORMANCE

• Lipset - Legitimacy & Effectiveness

• The relationship between different degrees of legitimacy and

effectiveness in specific political systems may be more
graphically presented in the form of a four-fold table…

• Legitimacy: Political institutions that gain mandate from the

voters/people/other country/international organization

• Effectiveness: Actual performance

 RUSTOW: POLITICAL LEADERSHIP

• Dankwart Rustow – scholars on political science, sociology in comparative

politics (transition to democratization, authoritarians system to democratization)

• Rustow believes that NATIONAL UNITY is the main agenda to gain a successful
democratization.

• Political stability as a function of the legitimacy of institutions and rulers

• That why to have political stability, country needs:

Political Stability = Legitimacy of Institutions + Personal Legitimacy of Rulers
(Charisma in leadership, Personality)

• Rustow has critique of Lipsets study about the correlation on democracy

 David Easton (Political System)

• David Easton has published his political models in

three volumes – ‘The Political System’ (1964), A
Framework for Political Analysis (1965) and ‘A
System Analysis of Political Life’ (1979)
• He has focus on – how political systems manage
to remain in a world full of instability and change.
To answer this, he believes that it is necessary to
examine the way of political system interact with
within the society and outside the society
 David Easton (Political System)

• People demands and needs

• Focus: input-output relationship

• INPUT: citizens’ demand and support

• OUTPUT: policy/response/action
 Almond & Powell (Political System)

• Political culture is the pattern of individual

attitudes towards politics
Almond & Powell (Political System)
• Keywords:
1. People Needs and demand

2. Always influenced by outsider such as

international country and international
organization
 AGENTS of Political Socialization

• Family
• Schools
• Religious institutions
• Peer groups
• Social class
• Interest groups
• Political parties
• Mass media
• Government
 RECRUITMENT

• the selection of people for political activity

and government offices.