Maurice

Merleau-Ponty Paul Churchland

Gilbert Ryle Sigmund Freud

Immanuel Kant David Hume

Philosophe
Maurice Merleau-Ponty
Paul
Churchland
Gilbert Ryle
Sigmund Freud
Immanuel
David Hume
Kant

1:
Philosopher
CHAPTER The Self From Various Perspectives

About
 01
Merleau-Ponty
Paul Churchland
Gilbert Ryle

Immanuel Kant
Sigmund Freud

Hume
about
teams
David
DAVID HUME
(1711 – 1776)
Scottish Philosopher
“All knowledge is
derived from human
senses.”
 David Hume
Paul Churchland
Merleau-Ponty

Immanuel Kant
Gilbert Ryle
Sigmund Freud

David Hume
Rationalism Empiricism Bundle Theory

Hume divided the IMPRESSIONS

mind’s perception
in two groups: IDEA
 01 02
Merleau-Ponty

Immanuel Kant
Ryle
Sigmund Freud

David Hume
Churchland
services
Paul
Gilbert

DAVID HUME IMMANUEL KANT

(1711 – 1776) (1724 - 1804)
Scottish Philosopher German Philosopher
“All knowledge is “REASON is the final authority
derived from human of morality.
senses.” Morality is achieved only when
there is absence of war because
of the result of enlightenment”
 Immanuel Kant

David Hume
Immanuel Kant
Merleau-Ponty
Paul Churchland

David Hume
Gilbert
Sigmund

about
APPERCEPTION
Freud

TWO kinds of
Ryle

Kant’s views consciousness of

self (rationality)
on the “self” is

Consciousness of one self and one’s

psychological states in inner sense
TRANSCENDENTA
L Consciousness of one self and one’s states
by performing acts of apperception
 Immanuel Kant
Merleau-Ponty

“self”
Churchland

Immanuel
history
Gilbert
Sigmund

organizes

about
Freud
Ryle

Kant
Paul

TWO information in
components of three ways :
the “self”:
Raw perceptual input

Inner self Recognizing the concept

Reproducing in the imagination
Outer self
 01 02 03
Merleau-Ponty

FreudKant
David Hume
Churchland
services
Gilbert

Sigmund
Ryle

Immanuel
Paul

DAVID HUME IMMANUEL KANT SIGMUND

(1711 – 1776) (1724 - 1804) FREUD
(1856 - 1939)
Scottish Philosopher German Philosopher Austrian Physiologist,
“All knowledge is “REASON is the final authority Psychologist, and
derived from human of morality. Philosopher
senses.” Morality is achieved only when “Wish fulfillment is the road
there is absence of war because to the unconscious.”
of the result of enlightenment”
 Sigmund Freud

4
Merleau-Ponty

FreudKant
3

David Hume
2
Churchland
Gilbert

Sigmund
Ryle

Immanuel
Paul

PSYCHOANALY
Freud
TIC THEORY
distinguished
three levels of
“SELF” consciousness
PSYCHOANALY
SIS

CONSCIOUS
PRE-CONSCIOUS/SUBCONSCIOUS
UNCONSCIOUS
 Sigmund Freud
Merleau-Ponty

FreudKant
Paul Churchland

David Hume
services

Freud further

Sigmund
Gilbert
Ryle

Immanuel
structured the
psyche/mind into three CONSCIENC
parts: E
ID
EGO IDEAL
SUPEREGO
SELF
 04

Gilbert Ryle
Merleau-Ponty

FreudKant
Paul Churchland

David Hume
services

Sigmund
Immanuel
GILBERT RYLE
(1900 - 1976)
British Philosopher and
Professor
“I Act, therefore I Am.”
 Gilbert Ryle

FreudKant
Merleau-Ponty

David Hume
Churchland
services

Gilbert
Sigmund
Ryle
Immanuel
Paul

The Concept Ryle’s view Ryle’s points

of Mind on “self” against Descartes’
theory
 04 05
Merleau-Ponty

FreudKant
David Hume
Churchland
services

Gilbert
Sigmund
Ryle
Immanuel
Paul
GILBERT RYLE Paul Churchland
(1900 - 1976) (1942 - present)
British Philosopher and Canadian Philosopher and
Professor Professor
“I Act, therefore I Am.” “The physical brain and
NOT the imaginary mind
gives us our sense of self”
 Paul Churchland

Immanuel Kant
Merleau-Ponty

Ryle
Sigmund Freud

David Hume
Churchland
services

Paul
Neurophilosophy

Gilbert
and
Philosophy of His view
Mind on “self”
Eliminative
Materialism
 04 05 06

Immanuel Kant
Merleau-Ponty

RyleFreud
David Hume
Churchland
services

Gilbert
Paul

Sigmund
MAURICE
GILBERT RYLE PAUL MERLEAU-PONTE
(1900 - 1976) CHURCHLAND
(1942 - present) (1908 - 1961)
British Philosopher and Canadian Philosopher and French Philosopher and Author
Professor Professor “Physical body is an important
“I Act, therefore I Am.” “The physical brain and NOT part of the self”
the imaginary mind gives us
our sense of self”
 Maurice Merleau-Ponty

Merleau-Ponty

FreudKant
David Hume
3

Churchland
2
services

Gilbert
Sigmund
1

Ryle
Immanuel
Paul
UNDERSTANDI
He rejected the NG THE SELF
“SELF” as an CARTESEAN
EMBROIDED MIND-BODY
SUBJECTIVITY DUALISM
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