POLYVINYL

CHLORIDE
(pvc)
PVC
 PVC is obtained by heating a water-emulsion
of vinyl chloride in the presence of small
amount of benzyl peroxide or hydrogen
peroxide.
 It is the third-most widely-produced plastic,
after polyethylene and polypropylene. PVC is
widely used in construction because it is
durable, cheap, and easily worked.
 It can be made softer and more flexible by
the addition of plasticizers, the most widely
used being phthalates.
 Pure polyvinyl chloride without any
plasticizer is a white, brittle solid. It is
insoluble in alcohol, but slightly soluble in
tetrahydrofuran.
 STRUCTURE:
 Vinyl chloride is generally prepared by
treating acetylene at 1 to 1.5 atmospheres
with hydrogen chloride at 60-80ᵒc in
presence of metal chloride as a catalyst.
 CH=CH+Hcl CH2 =CHCL
 (Acetylene) (vinyl chloride)
 Polyvinyl chloride is produced by
polymerization of the monomer
vinyl chloride (VCM).
PROPERTIES OF PVC.
 PVC is colourless,odourless,non-inflammable
and chemically inert powder,resistant to
light,atmospheric oxygen,inorganic acids and
alkalis but soluble in hot chlorinated
hydrocarbons such as ethyl chloride.
 Pure resin possesses a high softening point
and a greater stiffness and rigidity when
compared yto polyethylene,but it is brittle.
 Pvc is most widely used synthetic plastic.
USES
 PVC's relatively low cost, biological and chemical
resistance and workability have resulted in it being
used for a wide variety of applications.
 It is used for sewerage pipes and other pipe
applications where cost or vulnerability to corrosion
limit the use of metal.
 With the addition of impact modifiers and
stabilizers, it has become a popular material for
window and door frames.
 By adding plasticizers, it can become flexible
enough to be used in cabling applications as a wire
insulator. It has been used in
many other applications.
PVC
PVC STRUCTURES.
ACRYLONITRILE
BUTADIENE
STYRENE
(ABS)
ABS….
 Acrylonitrile butadiene styrene (ABS) (
chemical formula (C8H8)x· (C4H6)y·(C3H3N)z) is a
common thermoplastic. Its glass transition
temperature .
 ABS is amorphous and therefore has no true melting
point is approximately 105 °C (221 °F)
 It is a copolymer made by polymerizing styrene and
acrylonitrile in the presence of polybutadiene.
 The proportions can vary from 15 to 35% acrylonitrile,
5 to 30% butadiene and 40 to 60% styrene.
 The result is a long chain of polybutadiene criss-
crossed with shorter chains of poly(styrene-co-
acrylonitrile).
CONTD…
 ABS poymers are made by copolymerizing
acryolonitrile,butadiene and styrene.

 PROPERTIES:
 They are structural plastics or rubbing
possessing good strength and toughness.
USES OF ABS…
 ABS is also commonly used in rapid
prototyping extrusion-based 3D printers. Its
glass transition temperature makes it a
material of choice for rapid prototyping —
relatively high as to reduce unwanted
deformation at slightly elevated
temperatures but low enough to be safely
attainable with standard extrusion setups.
ABS…
USES…
 ABS is also widely used in
 Telephones
 Pipes
 Moulded articles such as furnitures,suit-cases
etc
 And also in packing containers.