Theories in International

Relations
Ramchandra Salgoankar
 Collective Security
• Collective Security & Collective Defence
• When have we used it.
 Basics
• One for all and all for one
• Method of maintain peace

• What is peace – absence of war

• World government – common laws

• Balance of Power – Divide into equal power
 World
peace

World
Balance of Power
Government

Collective
Security
 Definition
• A set of legally established mechanism
• Agreement / organisation / Association

• No fight/ aggression between member

countries .
 Features
• Collectively assure

• A & B - Potential Aggressor

• Punish the Aggressor – Credible threat

• Boycott , Sanction , Military
 Difference and
Collective Security Collective Defence
For Maintaining Peace within a system For Maintaining Peace between system
One system where all the countries are Exists between alliances of different
included countries

League of nations and UN NATO

 Why Collective security ?
• It promises security to all , not just to some of
the powerful state
• It has clarity , Aggression : The military
violation of the territorial integrity and
political independence of member state.
 Issues in collective security
• Powerful states need to be a members.
• Common behaviour irrespective of Aggressor /
Victim.
 Balance of Power
• Descriptive Dimension
- Depict the distribution of power – time
- Multipolar / Bipolar / Unipolar
 Balance of Power
• Explanatory Dimension
– When power between major countries is balance.
- No war during cold war
 Balance of Power
• Prescriptive Dimension
- Type of foreign policy Eg India & Pakistan
 Democratic Peace theory
• Democracies tend not to fight with each other

• Democracies tend to fight non – democracies

• non – democracies will fight non –

democracies
• Becomes more peaceful as Democracies
increase.
 Democratic Peace theory
• Share social and cultural norms
• More trade
Thank You