PRIMARY MANUFACTURING PROCESSES

GROUP 1
Gustilo,linga,miranda,ramiscal,villanueva
Introduction
Introduction

Material processing
Actual changing of the form of
material
3 major steps in changing the form
of materials
• Obtaining raw/natural resources
• Producing industrial materials
• Making finished products
Can be dividedinto 2 areas:
• Primary Manufacturing
Processes
- Raw Materials
- Useable industrial materials
 Introduction
Introduction

• Secondary Manufacturing
Processes

o Casting & Molding: molten or liquid materials to enter a mold where it solidifies
before being extracted
o Forming: materials take the shape of a die using an external force
o Separating: give a material size and shape by removing excess material.
o Conditioning: change material properties using heat, pressure, or chemical action
o Assembling: temporarily or permanently fasten or bond pieces together
o Finishing: protect or beautify a surface by converting the surface or applying a
 Raw materials
Raw materials
- natural resources found in or on earth

Renewable exhaustible
- Can be reproduced - Cannot be reproduced
• Trees • Metal ores
• Cotton • Fossil fuels
• Wool • Clays
• Animal hides
 3 stepPROCESS
3 STEP process in IN
obtaining raw
obtaining materials
raw materials

Locating resources Gathering resources Transporting resources

• Aerial mapping • Mining • Land
• Geological searches - Open pit - Pipelines
• Farming - Underground (shaft, - Conveyors
drift, slope) - Trucks
• Drilling (horizontal, - rails
directional) • Water
• Harvesting - Pipelines
- selective cutting - Ships
- Clear/block cutting - Barges
 Producing useable
Producing useable industrial
industrial materials
materials

Once raw materials

are obtained, they are
transported to a mill

Resources are converted

into useable materials
1. Refining the raw
materials
2. Converting the refined
materials into
industrial materials
 Which can
Which can be
be accomplished
accomplished by
by:

Thermal processes Mechanical processes Chemical processes

- Uses heat - Uses mechanical means - Uses chemical reactions
• Ore extraction • Crushing • Refining
o Iron o Gravel, stone, ore o Aluminum, gold,
• Smelting • Cutting silver
o copper o lumber, wool • Reactions
o Zinc • Pressing o polymer formation,
o lead o Particleboard, steel
plywood, laminates
 Conclusion:
Conclusion:

• Raw materials are the

foundation for all
manufactured products.
• Raw materials must be
obtained & converted into
useable industrial materials.
• This is accomplished by the
primary processing of raw
materials
• Useable industrial materials
are then converted into
products using secondary
processes.
 44 major
major groups
groups of
of knowledge
knowledge

Descriptive
sciences technology humanities
studies
Studies in the Studies human Studies the human Communicates
physical world made world beliefs and values information and
ideas
technology
technology

Design to improve
About & control the
tools, natural &
systems human –
and Used to made
Human procedur produce environmen
knowled es structures t
ge and
products
 Technology vs.
Technology vs. hi-tech
hi-tech

Technology High technology

- Encompasses the complete system - Complex tools & machines (computers,

- Knowledge of computer design, material robots, fiber optic communication
processing, information, communication, devices)
- Tools of technology
etc.
- Knowledge about designing, using & - Related to the development of a specific
maintaining products & structures country/religion
- Knowledge about appropriate actions
- Considers positive & negative impacts of Evolving
human-made system & products technologies
 Technological
Technological systems&&ITS
SYSTEMS its elements
ELEMENTS

Organization of people or group of parts

that operate together to achieve a single
purpose/goal
GOALS

PROCESS
INPUTS OUTPUTS
ES
FEEDBA
CKS
 INPUTS
inputs

Who develops & operates Materials used to support

technological systems PEO Natural operation of systems (gases,
resourc liquids, solids)
PLE
Needed to do work. es
Comes from:
• Burning fossil fuel
• Falling water Tools & machines used
• Nuclear reactions ENE CAPI that makes them
• Wind & Sun RGY TAL “technological”
• Chemical action
• Geothermal sources

Comes from diff. sources KNOW FINA

such as records, books, LEDGE NCE Money to design, build
magazines, reports, etc. & operate the systems
 Process&&ITS
PROCESS its MAJOR
major types
TYPES
- Part which actually does the work of the system

TRANSFORMATION PROCESS MANAGEMENT PROCESS

- Deals directly with inputs
- Uses resources to create desired
outputs
- Used to insure the effective use
resources
- Includes all actions that insure that
transformation acts are efficient,
appropriate & use resources
effectively to produce quality
outputs
outputs
outputs
DESIRED
OUTPUTS
- Outputs people want
- May be manufactured/
refers to the overall constructed structures
work, effort, goods and
services produced by
an individual, company
or machine UNDESIRE
D OUTPUTS
- unwanted end results
- e.g waste, fumes, noise and
air polution
FEEDBACKS
feedbacks

- Systems can use their own information to

control themselves
- If it is not what is expected, corrective
action usually results
- Many modern manufacturing machines
use a feedback system called adaptive
control
 goals

SYSTEM GOALS SOCIETAL

- System established GOALS
- Adressess the needs & wants of Technological
to meet human needs people as a larger group systems must be
or wants - Society wants: adjusted to meet a
• People employed in challenging balance of system &
jobs. societal goals.
• People to have a high standard
of living.
• Our country to remain
economically secure.
• Retain a technological lead.
 TYPESOF
TYPES oF TECHNOLOGICAL
TECHNOLOGICAL SYSTEMS
SYSTEMS

Construct residential, Designed to move people

commercial & industrial & goods from one
buildings & civil location to another and to
structures obtain material resources
Construction Transportation
Technology Technology
Communication Manufacturing
Technology technology
Systems that System that transform
communicate information material into products in a
& ideas using technical central location
means
 Conclusion:
Conclusion:

• Technology is different from

science. Science explains the
natural world, while technology
explains the human-made world.
• Technology is the use of tools,
materials & systems to produce
products & structures that modify
& control the world
• Extractive & biotechnological
systems provide the material
resources for 4 basic systems
 manufacturing
manufacturing

Making products for

Societies based on this
personal use is
type of production were in
called usufactoring
the handicraft era or age
or “making for use”

Early manufacturing was

Crude tools &
done for personal use. It
natural materials
represented activity in
were the
making & using
foundation of this
products to extend
stage of
human ability
development
 manufacturing
manufacturing

It lead to the Manufacturing used

beginning of machines to produce a
manufacturing or large quantity of a specific
“making products in product. This resulted in
a mechanical an industrialized society
manner.”

Later in history, people Became concentrated

started to make products into special buildings
for other people. called factories.
Individual developed Employees were
skills in using certain divided into workers
materials & tools. & managers
 manufacturing
manufacturing

This ability has been

made possible with With these developments.
the development of Society has moved into
the computer. this information age.

Today, products are first Emphasis has moved

made in the mind. This from processing
is called mentalfacturing materials to
or “making in the processing
mind.” information.
Manufacturing system
Manufacturing system &
& its
its components
components
Provides all the physical products we use
daily

INPUTS

process

OUTPUT
 Manufacturing inputs
Manufacturing inputs

MACHINE
Uses human labor, information, capital, energy, materials
& finances S,
HUMAN use ENERGY which is paid FINANC to change MATERI
S & for with ES the form ALS
of
KNOWLE
Each system DGE
has an input that is designed to transform.
Manufacturing transforms materials into products to make
it more useful. This is called form utility.
 22 Manufacturing
Manufacturing process
process technologies
technologies

TRANSFORMATION MANAGERIAL
TECHNOLOGY TECHNOLOGY
- Appropriate use of tools, - Appropriate use of systems &
machines & systems to convert procedures to insure that
materials into products transformation actions are efficient
- Often called material processing
& appropriate
technology - Used by both workers & managers
 Transformation technology
Transformation technology

Natural resources
are converted into a Secondary processing
usable material. This shapes & forms materials
is called primary through casting, forming
processing. & separating actions

1st step involves The output is

obtaining natural produced in standard
resources. These are the sizes. These materials
raw materials for are called standard
manufacturing process stock or industrial
materials.
 managerial technology
managerial technology

RESEARCH & DEVELOPMENT

- Process & manufacturing process must be designed
& specified
PRODUCTION
- where specified products are built, production
system is designed & manufacturing processes are
selected
MARKETING
- movement of products from manufacturer to
customer
FINANCIAL AFFAIRS
- raise money & maintain financial records

INDUSTRIAL RELATIONS
- deal with the human aspects of the system through
personnel, labor & public relations programs
Manufacturing outputs
Manufacturing outputs

Manufacturing system has been developed to

produce the products we need & want. These are the
desired outputs of the system. However, undesired
outputs may also result & create pollution, resource
depletion & such.
Manufacturing products should be recycled to
allow worn out products to become a material input
for a new manufacturing activity.
Manufacturing creates job, impacts people &
their lifestyles. New manufacturing systems require
people to receive additional education, this “change
& advance” attitude can be considered an output of
the system.
REFERENCES:
https://cmcmilling.com/cmc-services/materials-processing
https://www.britannica.com/technology/materials-processing
https://www.sciencedirect.com/topics/materials-science/material-processing
https://www.lakemills.k12.wi.us/faculty/CPage/PH31D.pdf
http://www.businessdictionary.com/definition/form-utility.html