第五代ESU技术演示文稿，2009年6月

The Evolution of Electrosurgery
(ESU) Analyzer Test Technology
5th Generation ESU Analyzers Are Here
Presented By:
Mike Erwine
ESU-2000 Series Product Manager
BC Group International Inc.
www.bcgroupintl.com
Special Thanks
Special thanks to Covidien/Valleylab, Conmed

Electrosurgery, Erbe USA, Aaron Medical (Bovie), and
Synergetics for supplying support images and
historical/technical information used in this presentation.
Notes Pages Available in PDF
Just provide an e-mail address or a business card….

Who is BC Group?
• Started in 1988 in St. Louis, MO
• Primary focus from 1988 through 2000 was to be a “One Stop Shop”
major distributor for test equipment needed by biomedical engineering
departments
– 75 different manufacturers represented
• The BC Biomedical brand of test equipment was launched in 2000
– Limited scope of products
• BC Group was acquired by Dytec Corporation of St. Charles, MO in 2005
– Launched aggressive product research and development strategy
• Strategy is to become a large market-share manufacturer through
aggressive and innovative product development
– Enhanced by medical device manufacturer strategic relationships
• Moved into a new 50,000 sq. ft. state of the art manufacturing facility in
January, 2009 in St. Charles, MO
– New business location well-suited for aggressive business growth for many years to
come
Who is Mike Erwine?
• No stranger to the biomedical test equipment industry…
Who is Mike Erwine?
• 30+ years experience in the biomedical industry
– 13 years developing & running biomedical engineering departments in
hospitals
– 5 years ISO & consulting experience
– 15 + years in biomedical test and measurement design and
manufacturing experience (commencing in 1990) in association with the
following companies…
• Dynatech Nevada Inc.
• DNI Nevada Inc. (Lionheart Technology)
• Bio-Tek Instruments (Lionheart Technology)
• Dale Technology (post Fluke acquisition)
• Fluke Biomedical (combined holdings of Lionheart Technology)
• Metron USA (post Fluke acquisition)
• Datrend Systems (Canada) (private-label products for Dynatech Nevada)
– Prior experiences in the biomedical market include…
• Selling to small, medium and large size customers, including medical device
manufacturers, independent service organizations, government, hospital systems, etc.
• Biomedical test product and project management
• Biomedical product hardware and software validation and testing
– Joined the BC Group team in January, 2006
Who is Mike Erwine?
• ESU Technology related experiences:
– Commercial product launches
• Dynatech Nevada Model 454A
• DNI Nevada Model 402A
• Dale Technology Model DALE3000
• Bio-Tek Instruments Model RF-303
• Fluke Biomedical RF-303RS
• BC Biomedical ESU-2050, ESU-2050P, ESU-2300, ESU-2400
– Extensive development work in partnership with
Valleylab (Tyco Healthcare / Covidien), Conmed,
Erbe USA, Bovie, Synergetics, etc.
Let’s start with some basic FACTS
about the electrosurgery industry…
13 Essential Electrosurgery
Industry Facts
• #1: Electrosurgery generator manufacturers use RF current
measurement as their standard for research & development,
product manufacturing, and service & calibration
• #2: RF current measurement through the test load is
inherently more accurate than RF voltage measurement across
the test load
• #3: Older generation ESU measurement technology heavily
utilizes thermal converter technology and/or
resistive/capacitive voltage divider circuitry
• #4: New 5th Generation ESU measurement technology utilizes
advanced level digital signal processing (DSP) technology
unlike any prior generation of analyzers
Industry Facts
• #5: Major ESU generator manufacturers have been searching
for a “next generation” ESU Analyzer technology platform for
almost 10 years
– They needed something better to meet the testing requirements of
current state of the art generators as well as future generators
• #6: There is a growing population of ESU generators in the
marketplace that generate “pulsed output” waveforms
– These cannot be measured with most legacy ESU Analyzers
• #7: Some of today’s ESU generators require analyzers that
can measure up to 5,500 ma RF!
• #8: The number of discrete test loads required for test &
calibration of some of the newer generators is climbing to
unprecedented levels!
Industry Facts
• #9: Newer technology generators with embedded micro-
computer controllers are totally firmware driven, and
firmware updates or major subassembly replacements can
often require a complete recalibration of the generator.
• #10: Most electrosurgery manufacturers specify a 1% of
reading accuracy calibration device for use in calibrating
their generators, especially their newest models.
• #11: There are generators in the market today that produce
waveforms at 4 M Hz and higher… and more are on the way
– Historically, fundamental output frequencies of most generators were
in the range of 500 K Hz to 700 K Hz
Industry Facts
• #12: The traditionally “loose” field test specifications (+/-
10% - +/- 20%) for output power tests have derived over the
years based upon the relative poor performance and
specifications of available test technology. This is changing
with the availability of 5th generation technology.
• #13: For the past 20+ years, major electrosurgery
manufacturers have utilized the Fluke Electronics Model
8920A Digital Wide Band Multimeter (discontinued in 1999
without replacement) instead of specialty ESU Analyzers.
This is quickly changing with the current availability of a
growing fleet of commercially available 5th Generation ESU
Analyzers.
First – What are we measuring?
How has generator technology changed?
Zoomed Look at Coag Waveform - Several Cycles
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100
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Electrosurgery Generator Technology
1926 - Present
2008
1926
Four distinct technology generations…
1926 - Present
•William Bovie, Ph.D., Harvard, Physics,

attached to the Harvard Cancer
Commission; collaborated with Cushing in
developing the “Bovie”
•Cushing was a graduate of Harvard

Medical School (HMS)
•Cushing became Chair, Dept. of Surgery,

HMS, is widely considered to be the “father
of neurosurgery”
•Bovie ESU first used clinically at

Peter Bent Brigham Hospital by Cushing
on Oct. 1, 1926
1926 - Present
•Quote from Cushing’s operative notes
“With Dr. Bovie’s help, I proceeded to
take off most satisfactorily the
remaining portion of the tumor with
practically none of the bleeding, which
was occasioned in the preceding
operation. The loop acted perfectly
and blood stilling was almost
complete, but whether we would
venture to use anything of this kind in
the brain tissue itself, I am at a loss to
know because almost certainly it
would cause convulsion.”
•Bovie collaborated with Liebel-Flarsheim
of Cincinnati to build an operating room ES
generator
•Circa 1927, sold his patent to Liebel-
Flarsheim for $1, left Harvard without
tenure
1926 - Present
1st Generation – The Bovie & Ground-

Referenced Units
•RF energy via spark gap and vacuum
tubes – first unit in 1926
•Ground referenced output
•No patient safety provisions (no
REM/ARM circuitry)
•Open loop control
•User interface via knobs, dials
•Required frequent service (clean spark
gaps)
•High output voltages
•Long service life, simple to repair
1926 - Present
2nd Generation – Solid State Units
•Commencing in the mid 1970’s

•RF energy via Bipolar Transistors
•Isolated outputs but lower output voltages
•REM/ARM patient electrode monitoring
•Open loop control with voltage limiting
•Simple user interface via LED displays &
pushbuttons
•Significant reduction in size and weight
•More difficult to repair – much more
circuitry involved
1926 - Present
3rd Generation – Tissue Effect
Generators
•Commencing in the early 1990’s with
Erbe’s ICC Series
•Isolated outputs + advancements in
REM/ARM protection circuitry
•Error codes stored for diagnostic purposes
•RS232 communications interfaces
•RF energy output via MOSFET transistors
•Adaptive patient electrode monitoring
•Microprocessor based closed loop control
of sinusoidal waveforms (Cut, Dessicate,
Bipolar)
•More predictable tissue effect
1926 - Present
4th Generation – “Smart” Advanced

Level Generators
•Advanced level diagnostics and error code
capability via embedded micro computers
•Isolated outputs & advanced REM/ARM
•Error codes stored for diagnostic purposes
•RS232, Ethernet, USB communications
interfaces
•RF energy output via MOSFET transistors
•Extensive firmware control of generator –
embedded micro-computers
•Procedure-specific modes of operation
•Some generators have pulsed output
waveforms
1926 - Present
5th Generation – Even “Smarter”

Advanced Level Generators Are On the
Way!!!
•Leading electrosurgery manufacturers
have been experimenting with…
•Higher waveform frequencies
•Lower voltages & higher currents
•Even more complicated waveforms
•Advanced level tissue response
technology
•Manufacturers that have not yet
released generators with pulse output
waveforms will be doing so
•Closed loop remote communications
for diagnosis & calibration via
prescribed test technology
The ESU Industry Today
Based upon 2006 market research data….

The ESU Industry Today
Based upon 2006 market research data….

ESU Test Technology History
Here’s Where It All Started…
A simple incandescent light bulb was actually the very first ESU
“Analyzer” to be used. Some major ESU manufacturers still use
light bulbs for certain types of go / no-go output tests as well as
“tissue response” test loads due to the filament impedance change
characteristics to applied high frequency energy.
1st Generation Devices
• Late 1970’s through early 1990’s

(BC Biomedical ESU-2000A is
still available)
• “Passive” RF thermocouple
ammeter devices
• RF current measurement with RF
power (watts) separate scales on
meter movements
• Analog meter movements were
very susceptible to damage and
breakage
• Limited test loads (typically 100,
200, 300, 400, 500 )
• Limited accuracy and functionality
RF Current Measurement in its simplest form…

2nd Generation Devices
• Mid 1980’s through early 1990’s
• Major technology advances from 1 st
generation devices
• “Active” signal processing of the RF
waveform
• RF voltage measurement typically via
resistive voltage divider circuitry
• RF current & RF power are calculated
values (I=V/R, P=V2/R)
• Thermal converters were typically used
to derive energy readings
• Early units had analog meters – later
units had digital displays
• Larger variety of test loads than 1 st
generation devices
• Better accuracy than 1st generation
devices
• REM/ARM testing capabilities + Crest
Factor (CF)
• Enhanced overall functionality and
reliability
From this…. To this…
1st Generation…
2nd Generation…
Typical 2nd Generation Technology…





RF Voltage Measurement… typical resistive voltage divider technique…

3rd Generation Device – 454A
• The “Industry Icon” Model 454A was
the only 3rd Generation design product
brought to market
• Product life: 1994 to 2007
waveform
• True RF current measurement via
internal toroidal current transformer
• A thermal converter was used to
derive energy readings based upon
measured RMS current (P=I2R)
• Largest variety of test loads offered to
date by any analyzer (50-1550 )
• Better accuracy than 1st & 2nd
The 454A was in a class of its own! generation devices – but still limited
compared to 5th generation devices
Discontinued in 2007 by manufacturer • Dedicated REM/ARM testing
• Enhanced overall functionality and
reliability compared to prior
generation devices
RF Current Measurement… simple & pure industry standard approach…

4th Generation Devices
• Mid 1990’s through present

• 4th Generation devices represent a “step
backwards” in accuracy and innovation
compared to 3rd Generation (Model
454A)
• Limited REM/ARM/CQM testing
capabilities…poor resolution
waveform
• RF energy measurement via voltage
measurement (capacitive voltage divider
circuitry) – a “shortcut” approach that
has several significant technical issues
• Calculation of RF current using Ohm’s
Law – ignores inductance of load
(Calculations: I=V/R & P=V2/R)
• No significant new functionality
introduced vs: 3rd or 4th Generation
devices
• Less accurate at lower load values &
higher frequency combinations
Fluke Biomedical RF303RS User Manual – showing voltage

measurement technique
Fluke Biomedical RF303RS User Manual – showing CQM testing

using the main test load bank (50-750  in 50  increments)
RF Voltage Measurement… typical capacitive voltage divider technique…

New 5th Generation Devices
• Originally introduced mid 2007

– ESU-2400 scheduled for release in 3rd
quarter 2009
• “DSP” (Digital Signal Processing)
Technology application introduced to
the ESU analyzer industry - digital
analysis of the complex RF waveform
• Return to industry standard RF current
measurement standard
• High speed digitization of complex RF
waveform with up to 32,768 discreet
data points
• Capable of accurately measuring even
pulsed output waveforms
• High speed digital waveform capture
• More measurement parameters &
better accuracy than with all prior
generation devices
RF Current Measurement… simple & pure industry standard approach…

6th Generation Devices Are Under
Development
• These next generation instruments

will eventually…
– Take into consideration the next
generation technology yet to be
released by major electrosurgery
manufacturers
– Much larger test load range
• Wider scope
• Better resolution
• Improved accuracy
– Higher current / higher frequency
capabilities
– Advanced level automated testing
capabilities
– Never seen before user interface
– Closed loop remote testing
capabilities
– Revolutionize electrosurgery testing
even more dramatically than the 5th
generation devices
ESU Analyzer Summary
Analyzer Generation RF Energy RF Current Pulsed Product
Level Measurement Measurement Waveform Availability
Technique Accuracy Compatible
Bio-Tek Instruments RF-301 1 RF Current 5% Yes Discontinued
Bio-Tek Instruments RF-302 1 RF Current 5% Yes Discontinued
Neurodyne Dempsey 403A 1 RF Current 5% Yes Discontinued
BC Biomedical ESU-2000A 1 RF Current 3% Yes Current Production
Dynatech Nevada 443 2 Resistive Voltage Divider ?? No Discontinued

+ Thermal Converter
Dynatech Nevada 453A 2 Resistive Voltage Divider 2.5% 100-2000 ma No Discontinued

+ Thermal Converter 10% 50 – 99 ma
5% on Power
Dynatech Nevada 454A 3 RF Current via Wide Band 5% on Current No Discontinued

DNI Nevada 454A Current Transformer + 10% on Power
Fluke Biomedical 454A Thermal Converter
Bio-Tek Instruments RF-303RS 4 Voltage measurement via 2.5% on Current No RF-303RS is Current
DNI Nevada 402A capacitive voltage divider 5% on Power Production
circuitry
Dale Technology DALE3000
Fluke Biomedical RF-303RS
Metron QA-ES 4 Voltage measurement via 2% on Current No Fluke Biomedical

Fluke Biomedical QA-ES capacitive voltage divider Not stated on power or QA-ES is Current
circuitry voltage Production
BC Biomedical ESU-2300 5 RF Current via Wide Band 2.5% on Current No Current Production
Current Transformer + DSP 4% on Power
BC Biomedical ESU-2050 & 2050P 5 RF Current via Wide Band 1% of Reading on Current Yes (ESU-2050P) Current Production
Current Transformer + DSP
BC Biomedical ESU-2400 5 RF Current via Wide Band <2% on Current Yes 3rd Quarter 2009
Current Transformer + DSP (Preliminary Spec)
Current ESU Analyzer Market Offerings
• Fluke Biomedical
– 4th Generation Devices
• QA-ES
• RF-303RS
• BC Biomedical
– 5th Generation Devices
• ESU-2050
• ESU-2050P
• ESU-2300
• ESU-2400
– 1st Generation Device
• ESU-2000A
Fluke Biomedical ESU Analyzers
4th Generation Technology
• Fluke Biomedical / Metron QA-ES

– Fluke Biomedical’s current “high-
end” cross-branded ESU analyzer
– Originally introduced by Metron AS
in Trondheim, Norway in 2002
(manufactured in Norway through
late 2007)
– Voltage measurement technology
– Capacitive voltage divider circuitry
provides basis for calculations of RF
current & power
– Does not digitally analyze the RF
waveform as patent-pending DFA®
Fluke Biomedical / Metron QA-ES Technology aggressively does)
– 2% accuracy on RMS current
(perceived to be measurement circuit
accuracy only - unit uses 5% tolerance
I = V/R P = V2/R resistors and calculates RF current based
upon voltage measurement)
– Accuracy not stated on power or
voltage readings
– Uses 5% tolerance load resistors
Fluke Biomedical ESU Analyzers
4th Generation Technology
• Fluke Biomedical RF-303RS, DNI
Nevada 402A, Dale Technology
DALE3000
– Common hardware platform
– Cross-branding platform of mid-
range ESU analyzer offerings
– Voltage measurement technology
Fluke Biomedical RF-303RS
– Capacitive voltage divider circuitry
provides basis for calculations of RF
current & power
– Internal loads (50 to 750  in 50 
steps)
– Cannot add external load resistor
DNI Nevada 402A values
(Discontinued)
– 2.5% accuracy on current
– 5% accuracy on power
– Reduced accuracy at lower test
load values, especially with higher
frequency waveforms (per Fluke
Biomedical application notes &
product update bulletin)
Dale Technology DALE3000
(Discontinued)
I = V/R P = V2/R
BC Biomedical ESU Analyzers
5th Generation Devices
ESU-2050 ESU-2300 ESU-2400
First available 5th Generation Technology Instruments

DSP Technology & Unprecedented Precision
The result of an 18+ month collaborative partnership with leading worldwide
electrosurgery generator manufacturers.
• ESU-2050 & ESU-2050P “Calibration
Quality” Analyzers
– 1% of Reading basic accuracy
– Utilizes industry standard RF current
measurement
– Utilizes industry standard Vishay Dale NH-
250 precision non-inductive external load
resistors and Pearson Electronics precision
wide band current transformers
– Ultra high-speed DSP – digital RF waveform
processing
– 100% compatible with pulsed output
waveforms from generators by Conmed,
Erbe, Synergetics, etc. (ESU-2050P)
– 100% compatible with Covidien Force Triad
& Ligasure generators – unique in today’s
market
– <2 ma to 7,000 ma RF current range –
largest range in today’s industry
– USB & RS232 communication ports
– SCPI remote control protocol
• ESU-2300 “Routine PM” Analyzer
– Utilizes industry standard RF current measurement
through internal wide band toroidal current
transformer
– Ultra high-speed DSP – digital RF waveform
processing – same as ESU-2050
– External add-on load resistor compatibility – you
can expand beyond 50  to 750 
– Internal precision Pearson Electronics wide band
current transformer
– Internal 1% precision non-inductive load resistors
– Dedicated REM/ARM/CQM test load 1 to 500  in
1  increments
– 2.5% of reading accuracy on RF current
– USB & RS232 communication ports
• ESU-2400 Full-Featured Deluxe ESU Analyzer
– Available 3rd quarter 2009
– Utilizes industry standard RF current measurement
through internal wide band toroidal current transformer
– Ultra high-speed DSP – digital RF waveform processing –
same as ESU-2050
– Internal precision load resistors 1  to 6,400  in 1 
increments
– Internal precision Pearson Electronics wide band current
transformer
– Automated testing scripts, automated power load curves,
REM/ARM/CQM test protocols, closed loop testing
capability, etc.
– Tissue response testing capability
– < 2% of reading accuracy/error on RF current (preliminary
specification)
– USB, RS232, Ethernet communication ports
5 Generation Analyzers Today
th
• Widely adopted by leading generator manufacturers

– Manufacturing
– R&D + Engineering
– Field Service
– Factory Service
– Service Training Schools
– Reliability Testing
– Factory final test & calibration automation
• Fast-growing end-user customer adoption rate
– Routine PM
– Calibration verification
– Calibration per manufacturer specifications
– Customers that attend factory service training and work with 5th
generation devices
One Customer’s ListServ Comments
From: Paul DeLisle [ferretpd@GMAIL.COM]
Sent: Wednesday, July 23, 2008 7:23 PM
Subject: Re: ESU analyzers
Hello, Group:
I helped test the BC Group 2050 on Valleylab's ForceTriads...it is *much* more accurate, and has much better information than
any of the other units on the market. In addition, since the loads are external; you can use it on *any* ESU (you just might
need to buy another $80 resistor...)
We also have a 454; and I have loved it for years...it's very user-friendly; the programming for test series' is fairly simple, and it
does most things well-enough.
However, it's built-in resistor loads are 10% tolerance, not the 1% loads that BC Group supplies. In addition, the 454 will not
*calibrate* a Valleylab ForceTriad (but it will do the performance check.)
We happened to luck into a bit of end-of-year funds a couple of years in a row...so we actually have a 454, a 2050, and a
Metron (Fluke) QA-ES. I would highly recommend *against* getting the QA-ES!
It's actively user-hostile; and it's only benefits (that it can run automated tests) require building special footswitch simulators for
every piece of equipment you own, and then learn their programming language to write the routine. It's no more accurate
than any other older ESU tester, and is a pain all the way around. STAY AWAY FROM THE QA-ES!
Trust me, guys and gals...get the 2050. It will do *anything* you want it to...although it does it slightly slower than the 454's
automated programs. In addition, your Decade box will have to live right next to it, to do your REM tests (another good
point about the 454.) However, if you get the BC Group unit, I can't see you ever needing to buy another ESU Analyzer.
Hope this helps!
Paul DeLisle, CBET

Biomedical Engineering Support Specialist
Central Texas Veteran's Health Care System
One ESU Manufacturer’s Comments
• “We've been doing this for a long time, some 30+ years, and your
ESU-2000 Series Product Overview White Paper hit the nail on the
head squarely. RF measurement has been the bane our industry,
and, while at a manufacturing level we can reproduce fairly accurate
and repeatable results, the bio-med industry usually doesn't follow
our methods. While our primary focus is neurosurgical, we cover
other disciplines as well. Our ESU’s are basically bipolar, and the
Malis generators are the mainstay in virtually any Neuro OR around
the world.”

3600 Horizon Drive, Suite 110
King of Prussia, PA 19406-4700
• “As you are aware, the demise of the Fluke 8920A series of meters
has left us hunting down surplus stock, usually via eBay.
Obviously, this won't last forever. In addition, we wanted to post
the instruments used in our IFU and service manuals, but without a
steady supply of meters, that is out of the question. Finding your
ESU-2050 and 2300 series of meters gave us hope that we may be
able to now do this, especially after reading that Valleylab has now
standardized on your system.”

• “We look forward to having a good working relationship with what
appears to be a company that has given considerable thought to
solving one our industry's major problems.“

The “Science” of ESU Testing
RF Current Measurement vs: Voltage Measurement
It’s all about the high-frequency “behavior” of
electronic components & circuitry, and proper
measurement techniques………
RF Current vs: Voltage Measurement
• RF Current measurement is the accepted standard in the
electrosurgery generator manufacturing industry!
• RF Current measurement is more accurate than voltage
measurement across the load, no matter if the voltage
measurement is based upon a resistive or capacitive divider
circuit
– Capacitive dividers tend to be even more inaccurate due to
uncontrolled (stray) capacitive leakage at higher frequencies, %
tolerance on capacitors, accuracy of matching values in the divider
circuitry, etc…
• Voltage measurement instruments will be increasingly

inaccurate as the waveform frequency increases, especially at
lower load values such as 50 and 100 
RF Current Measurement in its simplest form (1st Generation

Analyzers)…
RF Current Measurement as implemented today…

RF Current Measurement as implemented today…

RF Voltage Measurement… typical resistive voltage divider technique…

RF Voltage Measurement… typical capacitive voltage divider technique…

“When comparing readings measured with a V2/R

device to readings measured with an I2R device, total
measurement difference will likely be larger than 35%,
due to different methods of deriving power.”
Why are the two different methods so far apart
in measurement accuracy ?
Why is current measurement superior to

simple voltage measurement?
Remember ZL = R + jωL ?
Where…
ZL = AC impedance of the load at the operating frequency (f)

R = DC resistance of the load
ω = 2πf
L = inductance of the load
ZL = R + jωL
RF Current measurement takes into consideration, the actual

frequency of the RF waveform and it is measured through the
actual test load’s AC impedance at the operating frequency of
the applied waveform.
The AC impedance of the load is part of the

resulting RF current measurement…
ZL = R + jωL
RF voltage measurement across the test load (either directly or

via voltage divider circuitry) ignores the operating frequency
of the RF waveform being applied to the load and then applies
Ohm’s Law to calculate the RF current through the load,
using only the DC resistance value of the load, thus totally
ignoring the AC impedance of the load at the operating
frequency of the applied waveform.
Frequency affects the AC impedance of all resistors (and capacitors) in

the measurement circuit… not just the load resistor of the analyzer…
Frequency affects the AC impedance of all resistors (and capacitors) in

the measurement circuit… not just the load resistor of the analyzer…
ZL = R + jωL
Examples of AC load impedance vs: DC load resistance as a
function of operating waveform frequency:
L = 10 μH (typical value)
Frequency DC  jωL ZL
500 K Hz 50 31.40 59.04
1 M Hz 50 62.80 80.27
2 M Hz 50 125.60 135.19
4 M Hz 50 251.20 256.13
500 K Hz 300 31.40 301.64

1 M Hz 300 62.80 306.50
2 M Hz 300 125.60 325.40
4 M Hz 300 251.20 391.28

4th Generation ESU Analyzers
Capacitive
Voltage RMS Analyzer
Divider Circuit Conversion Reading
Measurement
with DSP Technology
Ultra High Waveform

DSP
Speed RMS Data Storage
Processing
Calculation Bank
“Engine”
Analyzer
Reading
5 Generation Analyzers
th
5th Generation Analyzers have totally unique

capabilities over prior generation devices….
with DSP Technology
100% Compatibility with Pulsed Output Waveforms in

generators from Conmed, Erbe, Synergetics, etc.
Courtesy of Conmed Electrosurgery…

with DSP Technology
100% Compatibility with Pulsed Output Waveforms in

generators from Conmed, Erbe, Synergetics, etc.
Courtesy of ERBE USA…

with DSP Technology
100% Compatibility with Covidien Valleylab

Ligasure Vessel Sealing Generator 5.5-amp RF
Current Test
with DSP Technology

Force Triad Generator Calibration
5.5 amp RF current test
with DSP Technology

Force Triad Generator Calibration 0  test
load current adjustment test
with DSP Technology
with DSP Technology
with DSP Technology
with DSP Technology
with DSP Technology
with DSP Technology
Bident Coag Waveform - Pulsed and Random - Multiple Cycles
250
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150
100
Zoomed Look at Coag Waveform - Several Cycles
50
250
0
1 1723 3445 5167 6889 8611 10333 12055 13777 15499 17221 18943 20665 22387 24109 25831 27553 29275 30997
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0
1 314 627 940 1253 1566 1879 2192 2505 2818 3131 3444 3757 4070 4383 4696 5009 5322 5635 5948 6261 6574 6887 7200 7513 7826
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Bident Coad Waveform - Pulsed - Single Cycle Zoom
-150
250
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200
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150
100
50
Voltage (mV)
0
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0 200 400 600 800 1000 1200 1400 1600 1800 2000
Sample
5 Generation ESU Analyzers
th
with DSP Technology
The ESU-2050 & ESU-2050P are currently being

utilized by several major electrosurgery generator
manufacturers to…
• Automate their factory production lines
• Provide enhanced accuracy and capability in
measurement technology for service, QC, final
test, R&D, reliability assurance, etc.
• Help train biomedical students (customers) in
generator service and calibration
Need additional or more detailed information?
ESU-2000 Series Competitive Product Comparison
ESU-2000 Series Product Overview “White Paper”

Other Resources Available For Your Use
Generator Test Load Reference

Other Resources Available For Your Use
Electrosurgical Analyzer Primer Document

Available from Fluke Biomedical…
Questions & Comments

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The Evolution of Electrosurgery

(ESU) Analyzer Test Technology

5th Generation ESU Analyzers Are Here

Special thanks to Covidien/Valleylab, Conmed

Just provide an e-mail address or a business card….

•William Bovie, Ph.D., Harvard, Physics,

•Cushing was a graduate of Harvard

•Cushing became Chair, Dept. of Surgery,

•Bovie ESU first used clinically at

1st Generation – The Bovie & Ground-

2nd Generation – Solid State Units

•Commencing in the mid 1970’s

4th Generation – “Smart” Advanced

5th Generation – Even “Smarter”

Based upon 2006 market research data….

Based upon 2006 market research data….

• Late 1970’s through early 1990’s

RF Current Measurement in its simplest form…

Typical 2nd Generation Technology…

Typical 2nd Generation Technology…

Typical 2nd Generation Technology…

Typical 2nd Generation Technology…

Typical 2nd Generation Technology…

RF Voltage Measurement… typical resistive voltage divider technique…

RF Current Measurement… simple & pure industry standard approach…

• Mid 1990’s through present

Fluke Biomedical RF303RS User Manual – showing voltage

Fluke Biomedical RF303RS User Manual – showing CQM testing

RF Voltage Measurement… typical capacitive voltage divider technique…

• Originally introduced mid 2007

RF Current Measurement… simple & pure industry standard approach…

• These next generation instruments

Bio-Tek Instruments RF-302 1 RF Current 5% Yes Discontinued

Neurodyne Dempsey 403A 1 RF Current 5% Yes Discontinued

BC Biomedical ESU-2000A 1 RF Current 3% Yes Current Production

Dynatech Nevada 443 2 Resistive Voltage Divider ?? No Discontinued

Dynatech Nevada 453A 2 Resistive Voltage Divider 2.5% 100-2000 ma No Discontinued

Dynatech Nevada 454A 3 RF Current via Wide Band 5% on Current No Discontinued

Metron QA-ES 4 Voltage measurement via 2% on Current No Fluke Biomedical

• Fluke Biomedical / Metron QA-ES

ESU-2050 ESU-2300 ESU-2400

First available 5th Generation Technology Instruments

• Widely adopted by leading generator manufacturers

Hope this helps!

Paul DeLisle, CBET

• Voltage measurement instruments will be increasingly

RF Current Measurement in its simplest form (1st Generation

RF Current Measurement as implemented today…

RF Current Measurement as implemented today…

RF Voltage Measurement… typical resistive voltage divider technique…

RF Voltage Measurement… typical capacitive voltage divider technique…

“When comparing readings measured with a V2/R

Why is current measurement superior to

ZL = AC impedance of the load at the operating frequency (f)

RF Current measurement takes into consideration, the actual

The AC impedance of the load is part of the

RF voltage measurement across the test load (either directly or

Frequency affects the AC impedance of all resistors (and capacitors) in

Frequency affects the AC impedance of all resistors (and capacitors) in

500 K Hz 300 31.40 301.64

2 M Hz 300 125.60 325.40

4 M Hz 300 251.20 391.28

Ultra High Waveform

5th Generation Analyzers have totally unique