7 QC Tools

SEVEN QC TOOLS
Check Sheets Pareto Diagram Cause and Effect Diagram. Stratification. Scatter Diagram. Histogram. Graphs and Control Charts.

Check Sheet
Data Collection Finding the Facts Support the Memory Establishing Control

Di gr m type chec sheet

SN

Freq e cy chec sheet

Cl ss 9 5 0 -9 5 5 2 9 5 5 -9 6 0 9 6 0 -9 6 5 4 9 6 5 -9 7 0 9 7 0 -9 7 5 Me V l e IIII IIII III IIII IIII IIII IIII IIII IIII I lly M r s t l 4 8 5 0 6

9 5 .5 9 5 7 .5 9 6 2 .5 9 6 7 .5 9 7 2 .5

Mark defect by I specti chec sheet

P art N : P ara eter ec P r ce : a
2 3

M ac eN
4 5

e: J d e e t R e ark

Check Sheet Hints

Use Tally Marks Use diagram type check sheet Test the format Use, dont fill

Pareto Analysis
Prioritizing Selecting vital few from trivial many Visual Impact

100%

75%

50% os. 25%

C Defect Code

E
7

Pareto Analysis Hints

Check various classifications and construct man kinds of Pareto diagrams It is undesirable that others represents a higher percentage It is best to draw Pareto diagrams b assigning monetar value If an item is expected to be amenable to a simple solution, it should be tackled right awa even if it is of relativel small importance Do not fail to make Pareto diagram b causes

Cause & Effect Diagram

To find cause / causes of a problem Problem solving in a group Inductive method

Shortage of numbers Nurses

People

Medical charts hard to tell apart Reception work Many charts to input

Inexperience Patients Two or more booked in at same time Busy

Many patients

Long waiting time after completion of ultrasonic scan

Charts from all departments come together Test Rooms Far away Calculation of bill

Record findings Handling Data input takes time Charts all returned together
10

Reception

Computer terminal slow

Environment

Methods

Cause & Effect Diagram Hints

Identif all the relevant factors through examination and discussion b man people Express the characteristic as concretel as possible ake the same number of cause and effect diagrams as that of characteristics Choose a measurable characteristic and factors Discover factors amenable to action

11

Cause & Effect Diagram Hints

Assign an importance to each factor objectivel on the basis of data erif the cause before taking action Tr to improve the cause and effect diagram continuousl while using it Combine wh -wh with cause & effect diagram to identif root cause

12

Stratification
Breaking down data into meaningful categories or classification atural groups and Logical groups Focus on source of problem

13

V i s c o s i t y Impurity Amount

V i s c o s i t y Impurity Amount

Before Stratification

After Stratification

14

Stratification Hints
If required collect data afresh after identifying the source from which they come ecreate histogram, Pareto charts and graphs on classified data

15

Scatter Diagram
To study the possible relationship between two variables Finding strength of relationship Finding direction of relationship, positive or negative Finding linear or non-linear relationship Finding co-efficient of correlation

16

A. andomly scattered points o correlation

B. Possible Positive correlation

C. Strong positive correlation

D. Possible negative correlation

E. Strong

egative correlation
17

Scatter Diagram Hints

Plot cause on horizontal axis Carefully select the scale and range of variables Stratify the data Verify relationship on technical viewpoint, avoid false correlation Draw scatter diagram before correlation analysis
18

Histogram
Finding variation in the process Understanding population at a glance Visualizing quickly whats going on within a large amount of data Finding capability of the process Provides clues for cause of the variation
19

25

20

15

10

0.5

5.5

10.5

15.5

20.5

25.5

30.5

20

Histogram Hints
Collect more than 30 measurements Carefully select number of class Carefully read Histogram (Interpretation)
Bell shaped Skewed Bimodal Plateau Comb or multi-modal
21

Control Chart
To control the process To display variation on time ordered fashion
To separate common causes from special causes of variation To help assign causes of variation

22

50 40

UCL ( x + A2R )

30 20 0 60 40

x
LCL ( x - A2R ) UCL ( D4 R )

20

R
LCL ( D3 R )

23

Control Chart Hints

Carefully select frequency of data collection Establish control limits based on longer period data Carefully read Control Charts
Out of control limits un Trend Approach to the control limits Approach to the center line
24

Periodicity