COOLING AND WATER SCENARIO

OPEN RECIRCULATING COOLING SYSTEM

• Using Cooling Tower for whole plant cooling system
• Water make up will be drawn from river or aquifer (subsurface or void)
• High water consumption for make up (around 3030 m3/hr)
• Biggest river (Bengalon River) is about 20 – 30 km away from site plant
• No existing pipeline or supporting infrastructure is available yet
• Alternatively using ex pit void or subsurface water
 SEA WATER ONCE THROUGH COOLING
• Using Sea water as cooling for whole plant by once through
• Sea water treatment is required to prevent scaling or bio-fouling due to water quality
• Large volumetric rate of sea water (140406 m3/hr)
• Material shall be considered to avoid corrosion and maintenance cycle
• Lower water consumption for make up if recycle process water is applied (around 420
m3/hr)
• Possibility for desalination plant or subsurface
• Requires water intake and outfall system as high volumetric sea water consumption
• Possibility to increase cost due to selective material and maintenance equipment
particularly HE and small or middle size cooler/condenser
 MIX WATER COOLING SYSTEM
• Using Sea Water as cooling for turbine condenser by once through and closed
loop system
• Process cooling water shall be cooled in closed cooling loop
• Water make up should be re-calculated due to loss of blow down from process
cooling
• Process heat exchanger or cooler may utilize fresh water
• Requires closed loop system calculation (design and investment)
 DUAL AIR AND WATER COOLING SYSTEM
• Using air cooling system for process cooling such distillation or solvent
regeneration
• Sea water will be utilized for turbine condenser
• Requires more area for air cooling systems
• Air condition has great effect to cooling performance
 WATER SOURCE
• Desalination and sub surface water may apply
• Typical RO Sea Water Desalination has 40 – 45% water recovery
• Thermal Sea Water produces better water distillate quality (lower TDS than RO
product water)
• Capital Cost of RO is higher than other desalination method (MED or Stage
Vaporization) but low in operating cost, estimated U$ 0.8 – 0.85/m 3 depending
on scale and water quality
• Requires subsurface study if underground water will be drawn
• Government permit must be applied if using subsurface water with limitation on
quantity