Database

Made by :
Hesham Ali
Mostafa Mahmoud
Omar Mohamed
Ahmed Bahaa
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Contents :
1- What is database?
2- Why do we need database?
3- Difference between database and information.
4- Selecting a database management system.
5- Types of database.
6- Impacts and benefits of database.

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What is a database ?

- A database is any organized collection of data,

It is the collection of schemes, tables, queries,
reports, views and other objects. The data is
typically organized to model aspects of reality
in a way that supports processes requiring
information.

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Some examples of databases you may
encounter in your daily life are:

 a telephone book
 T.V. Guide
 Airline and hotels reservation system
 motor vehicle registration records
 files on your computer hard drive. 

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Why do we need a database?
Keep records of our:
- Clients
- Staff
- Volunteers
- To keep a record of activities and interventions
- Keep sales records
- Develop reports
- Perform research

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Data vs. information
What is the difference?
• What is data?
• Data can be defined in many
ways. Information science
defines data as unprocessed
information.
• What is information?
• Information is data that have
been organized and
communicated in a coherent
and meaningful manner.
• Data is converted into
information, and information
is converted into knowledge.
Knowledge; information
evaluated and organized so
that it can be used
purposefully.
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 Selecting a Database
Management System
- Database management systems (or DBMSs) can be divided
into two categories -- desktop databases and server
databases.  
• Generally speaking, desktop databases are oriented toward
single-user applications and reside on standard personal
computers (hence the term desktop). 
• Server databases contain mechanisms to ensure the reliability
and consistency of data and are geared toward multi-user
applications.
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What is the ultimate purpose of a database
management system?

Is to transform

Data Information Knowledge Action

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Types of database

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Document-oriented database
• Is a computer program designed for
storing ,retrieving ,and managing
document-oriented or semi structured
data information .

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Embedded database
• These database consist of data developed
by individual end users , example
collection of documents , spreadsheets ,
presentations , multimedia , and other
files .

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Graph database
• Is a kind of database that uses graph
structures with nodes , edges , to
represent and store information .

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Hypertext database
• Is useful for organizing large amounts of
disparate information , for example its
useful for maintaining online
encyclopedias.

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Operational database
• These database store detailed data about
the operations of an organization .

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Distributed database
• Is a database which storage devices are
not all attached to a common processing
unit like C.P.U. it may be stored in multiple
computers located in the same physical
location , or may be dispersed over a
network of interconnected computers .

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Flat-file
• Style of database are ideal for small
amounts of data that needs to be humane
readable or edited by hand .

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 Database Uses in Business

•Small businesses run on databases. These repositories

of organized information can store virtually every kind
of data imaginable, and they can sort that information
and deliver it to you with a click of a mouse. Business
databases help small-business owners organize and
track their customers, inventory and employees.
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Customer Management
•A customer relationship management database can help a
small business manage the lifeblood of its business -- its
customers. A CRM database organizes all the information
a company has about its accounts, contacts, leads and
opportunities. A single customer's record may include his
contact details, the date and amount of his last order, the
total amount of his purchases for the last year, a list of his
favorite products and the products he returned, details of
customer service calls and more. Databases can also be
used to manage marketing and promotions, to export
email addresses and to prepare shipping labels

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Inventory Tracking

•An inventory tracking database can tell a retail

business how much inventory is in a warehouse, in a
storage room and on store shelves. Integrated bar
codes and scanners form a complete tracking system,
monitoring products as they move from one place to
another and updating the database so you never need
to count the inventory in a warehouse. A database can
also alert you when products and supplies are running
short so you can order more before you run out of an
essential item

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 Personnel Database
•Using a database to manage employee information can
simplify scheduling and help prevent payroll errors. An
employee database contains such fields as hourly wage,
salary or commission, tax withholding rates, year-to-
date income and accrued vacation time. Other employee
benefits, such as health insurance and retirement
account contributions, can also be recorded in a
database. Two or more databases can be linked to each
other to create an association between a sales
representative in the personnel database and the
accounts she is responsible for in the CRM database

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Benefits of Using a Database

•Databases store information in electronic records that

may be searched, retrieved and organized in countless
ways. Having your information in a database, instead
of on paper or in spreadsheets, not only saves you time
and preserves vital information, it allows you to see
patterns in your operations that are visible in no other 21
way.
Substantial Time Savings
•Databases save time. Retrieving a single record, which may
take several minutes of digging in a paper-based filing
system, can be done with just a few clicks in a computerized
database. Merging database records with documents makes
producing paper reports almost instantaneous, eliminating
hours of retyping. Data entry screens can be designed to let
you see related records as you create a new one, so you don't
have to spend time wading through other records to check
spellings, addresses, historical data, such as previous sales.

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 More Accessible Information
•Databases give you lots of different ways to look
at your data. A request for a specific answer or list
from your database -- called a "query" -- can take
just a minute or two to write, as opposed to hand-
collating data records or sorting and resorting a
spreadsheet. Plus, you can write standing queries
to answer the questions you ask frequently, so an
up-to-the-minute answer is just seconds away.

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Ability to Link Data

•Databases allow you to link different sources of information

together so you can see important things about your business
you might never have noticed before. Linking your sales
records and your expense reimbursement accounts, for
instance, lets you see whether an increase in client
entertainment really does result in more closed deals.
Connecting professional development and production data lets
you see which training courses actually increase your
productivity. Information sources that have traditionally been
sequestered in separate departments can come together in a
database to reveal surprising and profitable insights.

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 Database Application
Development Education and
Training Program Info

•A database application developer designs

and creates databases on Windows and
Linux/UNIX platforms. Individuals interested
in this specific branch of the IT field might
consider enrolling in a Database Application
Development Certificate or Associate of
Science in Database Application
Development program.

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Questions
1-what’s meant by database ?
2-compare between database and
informatin ?
3-what are the types of database ?
4-what’s is the impact of database
on businees ?
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References :
compnetworking.about.com-1
network.information.com-2
forum.network.com-3
4- wikipedia.com
5-techopedia.com

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