Importance of Quantitative Research Across Fields

Quantitative Research and ACCOUNTING, BUSINESS and

MANAGEMENT (ABM)
Researches can help design a new product or service,
figuring out what is needed and ensure the
development of product is highly targeted towards
demand. Businessmen can also utilize research results
to guarantee sufficient distribution of their products
and decide where they need to increase their product
distribution.
Conducting researches can also help a business
determine whether now is the proper time to
open another branch or whether it needs to
apply for a new loan.
It may also help a small business decide if a
procedure or strategy should be change to meet
the requirements of the customer base.
Research is important for any organization to
remain in the market.
The primary function of research in ABM is
to correctly determine its customers and
their preferences, establish the enterprise
in the most feasible location, deliver
quality goods and services, analyze what
the competitors are doing and find ways
on how to continuously satisfy the growing
and varied needs of the clients.
Quantitative Research and
Anthropology- it is concerned with
exploring connections simultaneously,
amidst cultural Differences,
Alternatives and Identity. In the
contemporary academic, socio-cultural
and political climate these concepts
have immense symbolic overtones.
Quantitative Research and
Communication- researchers are often
interested on how an understanding of a
particular communication phenomenon
might be generalized to a larger
population.
Quantitative Research and Sports
Medicine- For example, if you want to look
at preferences for team sports or individual
sports in people in the Philippines, cross-
sectional research would be useful. This
would allow you to obtain opinions from a
range of people. You would send your
participants a survey-type questionnaire
that allowed them to say which type of
Quantitative Research and Medical
Education - it enhances the quality
of medical education and designs
test interventions like curriculum,
teaching learning process, or
assessment with an experimental
group.
Quantitative Research and
the Behavioral Sciences – it
tends to explore how one
behavior exhibited by people
is related to other types of
behavior.
Quantitative Research in Education and
Psychology–Quantitative
methods in education engages in the science
and practice of educational measurement
and evaluation, primarily through the
development and application of
statistical methods, informed by the study
of teaching and learning statistics.
Quantitative Research and the Social
Sciences - it aims to be generalizable to
large populations by using specific sampling
methods and large data sets. It can
provide important descriptive statistics
about a population or location, allowing us
to grasp key characteristics of the object(s)
of study.
 
Kinds of Variables and their Uses
THE VARIABLES IN RESEARCH
variable refers to a “characteristics that has two or
more mutually exclusive values or properties” (Sevilla
and Other, 1988). Sex, for instance, has two
properties which are maleness and femaleness. The
ages of different persons have different values; so
with their size, height, weight and income. The
phenomenon of variety is what makes life interesting;
it is one of the motivating factors of the research
undertaking.
The root word of variable is “vary” or
simply “can change”. These variables are
among the fundamental concepts of
research, alongside with measurement,
validity, reliability, cause and effect; and
theory. Bernard (1994) defines a variable as
something that can take more than one
value, and values can be words or numbers
A variable specifically refers to
characteristics, or attribute of an
individual or an organization that can
be measured or observed and that
varies among the people or organization
being studied (Creswell, 2002).
 
 
TYPES OF VARIABLES (ALLEN,
TITSWORTH, HUNT, 2009)
CONTINUOUS VARIABLES – A variable that
can take infinite number on the value that
can occur within the population. Its values
can be divided into fractions. Examples of
this type of variable include age, height,
and temperature. Continuous variables can
be further categorized as:
a. INTERVAL VARIABLES – It have values that
lie along an evenly dispersed range of
numbers. It is a measurement where the
difference between two values does have
meaning. Examples of interval data include
temperature, a person’s net worth (how
much money you have when you subtract
your debt from your assets), etc.
. In temperature, this may
illustrate as the difference
between a temperature of 60
degrees and 50 degrees is the same
as difference between 30 degrees
and 20 degrees. The interval
between values makes sense and
can be interpreted.
b. RATIO VARIABLES – It have values
that lie along an evenly dispersed range
of numbers when there is absolute zero.
It possesses the properties of interval
variable and has a clear definition of
zero, indication that there is none of
that variable
Examples of which are height,
weight, and distance. Most
scores stemming from response
to survey items are ratio-level
values because they typically
cannot go below zero.
DISCRETE VARIABLES – This is also
known as categorical or classificatory
variable. This is any variable that has
limited number of distinct values and
which cannot be divided into fractions
like sex, blood group, and number of
children in family. Discrete variable may
also categorized into:
a. NOMINAL VARIABLE – It represent
categories that cannot be ordered in any
particular way. It is a variable with no
quantitative value. It has two or more
categories but does not imply ordering of
cases. Common examples of this variable
include eye color, business type, religion,
biological sex, political affiliation,
basketball fan affiliation
b. ORDINAL VARIABLE – It represent
categories that can be ordered from
greatest to smallest. This variable
has two or more categories which
can be ranked. Examples of ordinal
variable include education level,
income brackets, etc.
KINDS OF VARIABLES

INDEPENDENT VARIABLES – Those that

probably cause, influence, or affect outcomes.
They are invariably called treatment,
manipulated, antecedent or predictor
variables. This is the cause variable or the one
responsible for the conditions that act on
something else to bring about changes
EXAMPLE: A study is on the
relationship of study habits and
academic performance of UTNHS
senior high school students. STUDY
HABITS is the independent variable
because it influenced the outcome or
the performance of the students.
DEPENDENT VARIABLES – those
that depend on the
independent variables; they are
the outcomes or results of the
influence of the independent
variable. That is why it is also
called outcome variable
EXAMPLE: A study is on the relationship of
study habits and academic performance of
UTNHS senior high school students.
ACADEMIC PERFORMANCE is the dependent
variable because it is depending on the
study habits of the students; if the
students change their study habit the
academic performance also change.
INTERVENING OR MEDLING
VARIABLES – Variables that “stand
between” the independent and
dependent variables, and they show
the effects of the independent
variable on the dependent variable.
EXAMPLE: Consider the given below.
Even if farm production is good, if the
attitude towards payment is negative,
loan repayment would be low,
whereas, if the attitude towards
repayment is positive or favorable,
loan repayment would be high.
CONTROL VARIABLES – A special types of
independent variables that are measured in the
study because they potentially influence the
dependent variable. Researchers use statistical
procedures (e.g. analysis of covariance) to
control these variables. They may be
demographic or personal variables that need to
be “controlled” so that the true influence of the
independent variable on the dependent variable
can be determined.
CONFOUNDING VARIABLES – Variables that are
not actually measured or observed in a study.
They exist but their influence cannot be directly
detected in a study. Researchers comment on
the influence of confounding variables after the
study has been completed, because these
variables may have operated to explain the
relationship between the independent variables
and dependent variable, but they were not or
could not be easily assessed
DIRECTIONS: Choose one among the
different areas of interest in research.
In a circle diagram, write at least seven
(7) reasons that shows its importance in
our daily life. (7 points)
 
DIRECTIONS: Identify what is being described in each number. Choose your answer from the box below.
______________1. It refers to the characteristics that have two or more mutually exclusive values or
properties.
______________ 2. Variables that represent categories that cannot be ordered in any particular way.
______________3. Special kind of independent variables that are measured in a study because they
potentially influence the dependent variable.
______________4. Variables that have values that lie along an evenly dispersed range of numbers when there
is an absolute zero, as opposed to net worth, which can have a negative debt-to-income ratio-level variable.
______________5. Kind of variable that are not actually measured or observed in a study. They exist but
their influence cannot be directly detected in a study.
______________6. It “stands between” the independent and dependent variables, and they show the effects
of the independent variable on the dependent variable.
______________7. Variables that represent categories that can be ordered from greatest to smallest.
______________8. Kind of variable that probably cause, influence, or effect outcomes. They are variably
called treatment, manipulated, antecedent or predictor variables.
______________9. Variables that depend on independent variables; they are the outcomes or results of the
influence of the independent variable.
______________10. Variables that have values that lie along an evenly dispersed range of numbers.
Worksheet 2.3
DIRECTIONS: Determine if what type of variable are the following. Write I if the variable is Interval, N if
Nominal, R if Ratio and O if Ordinal.