STEM 1:

PRE-CALCULUS

INTRODUCTION TO
CONIC SECTIONS
 PLANE
CONE

Two millennia ago,

Apollonius of Perga, the
great Greek geometer,
studied the curves formed
by the intersection of a
plane and a double right
circular cone, and
discovered many properties
of the curve. These curves
were later known as conic
sections
 CONIC SECTION

In mathematics, a conic section (or just conic)

is a curve obtained by intersecting a cone (more
precisely, a right circular conical surface) with a
plane.
A conic is a set of points whose distances from
a fixed point are in constant ratio to their distances
from a fixed line that is not passing through the
fixed point .
CIRCLE ELLIPSE PARABOLA HYPERBOLA
 CIRCLE CIRCLE formed
when the plane is
horizontally
intersect a cone

A circle can be defined as the shape

created when a plane intersects a cone at
right angles to the cone's axis.
 PARABOLA
A parabola is the set of all points equidistant from a line
and a fixed point not on the line. The line is called the
directrix, and the point is called the focus.

When the plane intersect

only one cone
 HYPERBOLA
Hyperbola is all points found by keeping
the difference of the distances from two points
(each of which is called a focus of the
hyperbola) constant. The midpoint of the
segment (the transverse axis) connecting the
foci is the center of the hyperbola.
 ELLIPSE
An ellipse is the set of points
such that the sum of the distances
from any point on the ellipse to
two other fixed points is constant.
The two fixed points are called the
foci (plural of focus) of the ellipse. Tilted
plane
 ELEMENTS OF CONIC
SECTIONS
A. focus(F)-the fixed point of the conic
B. Directrix(d)-the fixed line d
corresponding to the focus
C. Principal axis (a)-the line that passes
through the focus and perpendicular to the
directrix .
D. Vertex(V)-the point of intersection of the
conic and its principal axis
E. Eccentricity(E) -the constant ratio

 The conic is a parabola if the eccentricity e=1

 The conic is an ellipse if the eccentricity e<1
 The conic is a hyperbola if the eccentricity
e>1