MATH-002

Dr. Farhana Shaheen

CONIC SECTION
CONIC SECTION

 In mathematics, a conic section (or just conic)

is a curve obtained by intersecting a cone
(more precisely, a right circular conical surface)
with a plane. In analytic geometry, a conic may
be defined as a plane algebraic curve of degree
2. It can be defined as the locus of points
whose distances are in a fixed ratio to some
point, called a focus, and some line, called a
directrix.
CONICS

 The three conic sections that are created when

a double cone is intersected with a plane.
 1) Parabola

 2) Circle and ellipse

 3) Hyperbola
CIRCLES

 A circle is a simple shape of Euclidean

geometry consisting of the set of points in a
plane that are a given distance from a given
point, the centre. The distance between any of
the points and the centre is called the radius.
PARABOLA
PARABOLA: LOCUS OF ALL POINTS WHOSE
DISTANCE FROM A FIXED POINT IS EQUAL TO
THE DISTANCE FROM A FIXED LINE. THE FIXED
POINT IS CALLED FOCUS AND THE FIXED LINE IS
CALLED A DIRECTRIX.

P(x,y)
 2
EQUATION OF PARABOLA y 4 px

 Axis of Parabola:
x-axis
 Vertex: V(0,0)

 Focus: F(p,0)

 Directrix: x=-p
 2
DRAW THE PARABOLA y 6x

2
y 4 px
PARABOLAS WITH DIFFERENT VALUES OF P
EQUATION OF THE GIVEN PARABOLA?
PARABOLAS IN NATURE
PARABOLAS IN LIFE
ELLIPSE: LOCUS OF ALL POINTS WHOSE SUM OF
DISTANCE FROM TWO FIXED POINTS IS
CONSTANT. THE TWO FIXED POINTS ARE CALLED
FOCI.
ELLIPSE
 a>b
 Major axis:
 Minor axis:
 Foci:
 Vertices:
 Center:
 Length of major axis:
 Length of minor axis:
 Relation between a, b, c
EQUATION OF THE GIVEN ELLIPSE?
EQUATION OF THE GIVEN ELLIPSE IS
EARTH MOVES AROUND THE SUN ELLIPTICALLY
DRAW THE ELLIPSE WITH CENTER AT(H,K)
ECCENTRICITY
ECCENTRICITY IN CONIC SECTIONS

 Conic sections are exactly those curves that, for

a point F, a line L not containing F and a non-
negative number e, are the locus of points
whose distance to F equals e times their
distance to L. F is called the focus, L the
directrix, and e the eccentricity.
CIRCLE AS ELLIPSE

 A circle is a special ellipse in which the two foci

are coincident and the eccentricity is 0. Circles
are conic sections attained when a right
circular cone is intersected by a plane
perpendicular to the axis of the cone.
HYPERBOLA
HYPERBOLA

 Transverse axis:
 Conjugate axis:

 Foci:

 Vertices:

 Center:

 Relation between a, b, c
HYPERBOLA WITH VERTICAL TRANSVERSE AXIS
ECCENTRICITY E = C/A

 e = c/a
 e= 1 Parabola

 e=0 Circle

 e>1 Hyperbola

 e<1 Ellipse
ECCENTRICITY E
ELLIPSE (E=1/2), PARABOLA (E=1) AND
HYPERBOLA (E=2) WITH FIXED FOCUS F AND
DIRECTRIX
HYPERBOLA
THANK YOU