Structure and Written Expressions

Parts of Speech:
Nouns and Article
Let’s check this out
The quick brown fox jumps over the lazy dog
Art adj adj n verb prep art adj n

Parts of speech the kind of word function.

There are various kinds of parts of speech in

English, among others; Nouns, articles, verbs,
adjectives, adverbs, and prepositions
 Part 1

Part 1
Nouns:countable and uncountable

Countable :
Singular Plural There is a man outside
a cat cats the building.
a man men There are two men
a tooth teeth outside the building.
an egg eggs
an elephant An elephant has a trunk.
elephants Elephants have trunks
an axe axes
Strategy w/ Singular Nouns
1. Do not end singular noun with -s or -es.
2. Use singular nouns after the words below:
A / an A single
One Another
This Each
That Every

3. Singular countable nouns usually need articles. Use the with

singular countable nouns when referring to things in general or
to specific things; use a/an with singular countable nouns (non
specific)
Strategy 1:
1. They took a long, enjoyable trips to the country on their vacation.
2. Kathy has finished reading one chapters of the book.
3. Carla is only one of the many outstanding students in our school.
4. One cups of coffee will be perfect to ward off sleepiness.
5. There is one empty chair in the back row for you to sit on.

Strategy 2
1. There was not a single cars in the parking lot
2. The school needed another baseball coaches
3. She needs every penny she earns to support her family
4. This math problem is not easy to solve, even for a bright
student like Erwin.
5. The professor always comes up with a quiz to work on at
the end of each class
Strategy 3
1. A zebra belongs to the horse family.
2. Toyota is a Japanese car.
3. There was the (a) sparrow that fell out of its nest.
4. The (A) rain forest usually contains exotic animals.
5. A (The) Siberian flying squirrel is commonly called
the flying mitten.
Plural Nouns
When a noun refers to more than one person or
thing, it is plural.
The plural form of most nouns is made by
adding -s / -es ending to the singular form;
howeverSingular
there are exceptions. Plural Form
Form
apple apples
peach peaches
ox oxen
goose geese
fish fish
Strategy w/ Plural Nouns
1. Do not use a / an with plural nouns.
2. Use plural nouns after the words below:
all these dozens of
Some Those Hundreds of
Some (of the) Everyone of Thousands of
A few (of) Each one of A number of
Many (of) Each of The number of
A lot of One of A couple of
Lots of Both Several (of the)
various other

3. When words such as hundred, thousand, or million

follow a number, do NOT put them in plural form.
4. Be careful of irregular plural nouns
Uncountable Nouns
Uncountable nouns are nouns that have only one form and
always take a singular verb.
For example:
Food Fluids Fields of study Other
Rice Blood Mathematics Furniture
Sugar Water Economics News
Fruit Oil Physics Equipment
Flour Syrup Arithmetic
Strategies:
1. Do NOT use uncountable nouns after the words/
phrases below :
A / an A few (of) Hundred of

Another Dozen of Thousand of

One One of A number of

A single Many (of) The number of

Each Each one of A couple of

Every Every one of Several (of the)

Both Each (of)

Strategies:
2. Use uncountable nouns with the words below :
Much An amount of Some * Plenty of* All *
Little A little A lot of* Lots of*

* can also be used with countable plural form

3. Do NOT put uncountable nouns into plural form.

Exercise 1 & 2
1. B 6. D 11. D 16. C
2. D 7. A 12. B 17. C
3. B 8. B 13. C 18. A
4. C 9. D 14. B 19. D
5. A 10. B 15. A 20. A
End of Part 1
 Part 2
Parts of Speech
Articles
Articles
1. A and An are called indefinite articles because they are
normally used to refer to non-specific person /thing. E.g:
The school board makes a decision concerning the
students every two year. ( a non-specific decision)
The school board makes an important decision concerning
the students every two year. ( a non-specific decision)

2. The is called a definite article since it is used to refer to a

specific person(s) / thing(s).
 It is the chair prepared for our new teacher this semester.
Strategies w/ Articles
1. Use a / an when the noun is newly introduced. Use the when
the noun is mentioned before, or when the noun is specific.
2. Use the with superlatives and with words like First, next, last,
same, and only.
3. Use the to refer to specific nouns such as: the sun, the moon,
the world, etc.
4. Pay attention to when the article the is used. Check out the
book.
5. Use the with some adjectives to denote a group of people
having the condition describe by the adjectives, such as
the rich, the deaf, the poor, etc.
Strategy w/ Articles
6. Use the with all nationality adjectives when you mean
the people of that country.
7. Use a / an with a person or thing that is non specific.
8. Use a with a noun starting with a consonant sound
and an with vowel sound.
9. Do NOT use articles with plural nouns used to
represent a class .
10.Use articles according to the rules.
Exercise 3 & 4
1. C
2. A 6. A
3. B 7. B 11. B
4. B 8. A 12. A 16. A
5. A 9. C 13. A 17. D
10. D 14. C 18. B
15. B 19. A
20. B
That's all for today
Happy practicing…
See you next session…