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Alignment Integration
PY 2.4 Describe RBC formation (erythropoiesis & its regulation) and its functions
BI 6.12 Describe the major types of haemoglobin and its derivatives found in the body
PY 2.5 and their
Describe different types of anaemias physiological/ pathological relevance.
& Jaundice
PY 2.8 Describe the physiologic basis of haemostasis and, anticoagulants. Describe bleeding &
clotting disorders (Haemophilia, purpura)
PY 2.9 Describe different blood groups and discuss the clinical importance of blood grouping,
blood banking and transfusion
PY 2.10 Define and classify different types of immunity. Describe the development of immunity
and its regulation
PY 2.11 Estimate Hb, RBC, TLC, RBC indices, DLC, Blood groups, BT/CT
PY 2.12 Describe tests for ESR, Osmotic fragility, Haematocrit. Note the findings and interpret
the results
PY 2.13 Describe steps for reticulocyte and platelet count
Step 2 No. Competencies
Pathology
List the “Anemia” Specific
PA 13.1 Describe haematopoiesis and extra medullary haematopoiesis
Competencies from MCI PA 13.3 Define and classify and anemia
COMPETENCY booklet PA 13.4 Enumerate and describe the investigations of anemia
under each subject PA 13.5 Identify and describe the peripheral blood picture in anemia
PA 14.1 Describe iron metabolism
( Phase 2 ) PA 14.2 Decribe the etiology investigations and differential diagnosis of microcytic hypochromic anemia
PA 14.3 Identify and describe the the peripheral and smear in hypochromic anmeia
PA 15.1 Describe the metabolism of Vitamin B12 and the etiology and pathogeneisis of B12 deficiency
PA 15.2 Describe the laboratory investigations of macrocytic anemia
PA 15.3 Identify and describe the peripheral blood picture of macrocytic anemia
PA 15.4 Enumerate the differences and describe the etiology and distinguishing features of megaloblastic and non
megaloblastic anemia
PA 16.1 Define and classify hemolytic anemia
PA 16.2 Describe the pathogeneis and clinical features and hematologic indices of hemolytic anemia
PA 16.3 Describe the pathogenesis features, hematologic indices and peripheral blood picture of sickle cell anemia and
thallasemia
PA 16.4 Describe the etiology pathogenesis, hematologic indices and peripheral blood picture of Acquired hemolytic
anemia
PA16.5 Describe the peripheral blood picture in different hemolytic anaemias.
Code No Competency No. Competencies
Pharmacology PA 17.1 Enumerate the etiology, pathogenesis and findings in aplastic anemia
Microbiology
PH 1.35 Description of drugs used in haematological disorders and
PA17.2
discuss mechanism/s Enumerate
of action, the indications
types, doses, side effects,and describe the findings
4 in List
bone marrow
the aspiration
common and
microbial biopsy
agents causing
indications and contraindications, like 1. Drugs used in anemias2. anaemia. Describe the morphology, mode of
Colony Stimulating factors infection and discuss the pathogenesis, clinical
course, diagnosis and prevention of the common
microbial agents causing Anaemia.
Step 2
List the “Anemia” Specific Competencies from MCI COMPETENCY booklet under each subject
( Phase 3 )
Alignment : is the grouping together in the time table of learning elements from
various subjects in a phase that can be grouped under a specific heading (organ
system or disease) an
Temporal
Coordination Anemia
Alignment : is the grouping together in the time table of learning elements from
various subjects in a phase that can be grouped under a specific heading (organ
system or disease) an
No. Competencies
Physiology
BI 5.2 Describe and discuss functions of proteins and structure - function relationships in relevant areas eg
Haemoglobin and selected hemoglobinopathies
BI 6.11 Describe the functions of haem in the body and describe the processes involved in its metabolism and
derangements associated with these.
BI 6.12 Describe the major types of haemoglobin and its derivatives found in the body and their physiological/
pathological relevance.
PY 2.3 Describe and discuss the synthesis and functions of Haemoglobin and explain its breakdown. Describe
variants of haemoglobin
PY 2.4 Describe RBC formation (erythropoiesis & its regulation) and its functions
PY 2.5 Describe different types of anaemias & Jaundice
PY 2.6 Describe WBC formation (granulopoiesis) and its regulation
PY 2.7 Describe the formation of platelets, functions and variations.
PY 2.8 Describe the physiologic basis of haemostasis and, anticoagulants. Describe bleeding & clotting
disorders (Haemophilia, purpura)
Step 3 a
PY 2.4 DESCRIBE RBC FORMATION (ERYTHROPOIESIS & ITS REGULATION) AND ITS FUNCTIONS
• DEFINE ERYTHROPOIESIS Break each
• DESCRIBE THE FROMATION AND REGULATION OF ERYTHROPOIESIS competency into
• EXPLAIN THE FUNCTIONS OF RBC learning objectives
• DISCUSS CLINICAL RELEVANCE OF ERYTHROPOIESIS
PY 2.3 DESCRIBE AND DISCUSS THE SYNTHESIS AND FUNCTIONS OF HAEMOGLOBIN AND
EXPLAIN ITS BREAKDOWN. DESCRIBE VARIANTS OF HAEMOGLOBIN Anemia
• DESCRIBE HAEMOGLOBIN SYNTHESIS
• EXPLAIN ITS FUNCTIONS
• DESCRIBE THE HEMOGLOBIN VARIANTS AND ITS CLINICAL SIGNIFICANCE
• DESCRIBE THE METABOLISM OF HEMOGLOBIN
BI 5.2 Describe and discuss functions of proteins and structure - function Phase 1 Obj Obj Obj Obj
relationships in relevant areas eg Haemoglobin and selected hemoglobinopathies. Obj Obj Obj Obj
• Describe functional proteins and their structure
Subject 1 Subject 2
• Describe the structure of Haemoglobin
• Discuss the variation and its relationship to hemoglobinopathies Obj Obj Obj Obj
Phase 2
BI 6.11 Describe the functions of haem in the body and describe the processes Obj Obj Obj Obj
involved in its metabolism and derangements associated with these.
• Describe the functions of haem in the body Subject 3 Subject 3
• Describe the metabolism of Haemoglobin and explain derangements
associated
ERYTHROPOIESIS & ITS REGULATION Step 3 a
• DEFINE ERYTHROPOIESIS Lecture Bunch objectives
• DESCRIBE THE FROMATION AND REGULATION OF and create
ERYTHROPOIESIS
/Small Essay / Viva
learning sessions
• EXPLAIN THE FUNCTIONS OF RBC group
• DISCUSS CLINICAL RELEVANCE OF ERYTHROPOIESIS
Anemia
Phase 1
PY 2.3 DESCRIBE AND DISCUSS THE SYNTHESIS AND FUNCTIONS OF HAEMOGLOBIN AND
EXPLAIN ITS BREAKDOWN. DESCRIBE VARIANTS OF HAEMOGLOBIN Obj Obj Obj Obj
• DESCRIBE HAEMOGLOBIN SYNTHESIS
• EXPLAIN ITS FUNCTIONS Obj Obj Obj Obj
• DESCRIBE THE HEMOGLOBIN VARIANTS AND ITS CLINICAL SIGNIFICANCE
• DESCRIBE THE METABOLISM OF HEMOGLOBIN Subject 1 Subject 2
Anemia
PY 2.3 DESCRIBE AND DISCUSS THE SYNTHESIS AND FUNCTIONS OF HAEMOGLOBIN AND
EXPLAIN ITS BREAKDOWN. DESCRIBE VARIANTS OF HAEMOGLOBIN Phase 1
BI 5.2 Describe and discuss functions of proteins and structure - function relationships in
relevant areas eg Haemoglobin and selected hemoglobinopathies
• Describe the structure of hemoglobin
• DESCRIBE HAEMOGLOBIN SYNTHESIS Obj Obj Obj Obj
• EXPLAIN ITS FUNCTIONS Obj Obj Obj Obj
• DESCRIBE THE HEMOGLOBIN VARIANTS AND ITS CLINICAL SIGNIFICANCE
Subject 1 Subject 2
Nesting Step 3
Nesting Bunch objectives
and create
Review objectives from other subjects from learning sessions
phases to see if it needs to be added to the
learning sessions to increase correlation
Anemia
Phase 1
Subject 3 Subject 3
Nesting Step 3
Nesting Bunch objectives
and create
Review objectives from other subjects from learning sessions
phases to see if it needs to be added to the
learning sessions to increase correlation
Anemia
Phase 1
PY 2.5 Describe RBC formation (erythropoiesis & its regulation)
and its functions
• DEFINE ERYTHROPOIESIS
• DESCRIBE THE FROMATION AND REGULATION OF ERYTHROPOIESIS Obj Obj Obj Obj
• EXPLAIN THE FUNCTIONS OF RBC
• DISCUSS CLINICAL RELEVANCE OF ERYTHROPOIESIS Obj Obj Obj Obj
Subject 1 Subject 2
PA 13.I DESCRIBE HAEMATOPOIESIS AND EXTRAMEDULLARY
HAEMATOPOIESIS Obj Obj Obj
a) DESCRIBE NORMAL ERYTHROPOIESIS AND ITS REGULATION Phase 2
b) DESCRIBE EXTRAMEDULLARY ERYTHROPOIESIS AND ITS CLINICAL Obj Obj Obj Obj
SIGNIFICANCE
Subject 3 Subject 3
Nesting Step 3
Nesting Bunch objectives
and create
Review objectives from other subjects from learning sessions
phases to see if it needs to be added to the
learning sessions to increase correlation
Anemia
Phase 1
Phase 1
Subject 1 Subject 2
Step 3
Correlation Correlation Bunch objectives
and create
Choose objectives from a different phase learning sessions
can be used to link the concepts in various
sessions
Anemia
Phase 1
PY – Physiology sessions
PY BI BI - Biochemistry sessions
Anemia Anemia
Sessions Sessions PA –Pathology sessions
PY PY PA
PY/PA –Physiology session
Anemia Anemia Anemia
with integrated elements
Sessions Sessions sessions
from Pathology (Higher Phase
PY/PA PY/ BI )
Anemia Anemia
Sessions Sessions PY/BI – Physiology sessions
with integrated elements
from Biochemistry ( SHARED )
Step 4 - AIT1 ANEMIA - Review of competencies
a) from next higher phase to be introduced early
b) from previous phase, that will have to be reinforced in the current phase
c) Remove redundancy
PY – Physiology sessions
PY BI subject sessions of a phase
BI - Biochemistry sessions
Anemia Anemia taught at the same time –
Sessions Sessions alignment PA –Pathology sessions
PY PY PA Subject sessions from
PY/PA –Physiology session
Anemia Anemia Anemia higher phase taught at the
with integrated elements
Sessions Sessions sessions same time - alignment
from Pathology (Higher Phase
PY/PA PY/ BI )
Anemia Anemia
Sessions Sessions PY/BI – Physiology sessions
with integrated elements
Within same session elements of from Biochemistry ( SHARED )
other subjects are taught –
Integration
Step 5a : By reviewing competencies in a phase redundant ones and those in each subject that
can be taught together without subject demarcation can be identified for horizontal integration
PA PY/PA PY/ OG
Anemia Anemia
Anemia Anemia Anemia
Sessions Sessions
Sessions Sessions sessions
PY/BI PY PA PA IM IM P
Anemia Anemia Anemia Anemia Anemia Anemia Anemia
Sessions Sessions sessions Sessions Sessions Sessions Sessions
PY / PA P Anemia
Anemia PA /IM
Anemia Anemia PA/PY/IM
Sessions Anemia Sessions
Sessions Sessions Anemia
Step 5 b ANEMIA By reviewing objective / competencies across phases redundant ones and those with
a common thread can be identified for Vertical integration
Aligned and integrated Anemia sessions
IAnemia Anemia
Step 4 c : The objective writing and session planning should be done by
. Anemia Anemia
Vertically Sessions Session
Common
thread Phase 2
Anemia Anemia Anemia
Anemia Anemia
Anemia Anemia
IAnemia Anemia
IAnemia Anemia
HOW TO CREATE LINKER ? WHAT CASES TO LINK ?
Look at the vertically aligned document of “ Anaemia”
What are the common problems that the IMG will have to solve, as a first contact physician in the community with
respect to the disease (Anemia) ?
Anemia in children , Pregnant women , elderly , Poly trauma
Create cases
1. An infant with repeated blood transfusion , anemia and jaundice
2. A pregnant women with iron deficiency anemia
3. An elderly alcoholic with GI bleed
4. A patient with POLY TRAUMA and acute blood loss , pre Operative , Post operative management
Cases should address objectives from the various phases from “ Anemia” topic
Step 6 AIT1 . ANEMIA ( Aligned and Integrated ), teach Non aligned topics simultaneously.
Create Space for SDL and end of block assessment
Linker is usually a case
Phase 1 Aligned and
integrated session Non Aligned Sessions
A
Anemia Anemia Non Non Non s
Sessions Sessions Aligned Aligned Aligned s
e
Non s
Anemia Anemia Anemia SDL
Aligned s
m
Non Non Non e
Anemia n
Anemia Aligned Aligned Aligned
t
Assignments Assignments
STEP 6 – FIND SPACE IN THE CALENDAR
Week 1 Week 2
Sample Time table for AIT Anemia – Preclinical
Time Day1 Day 2 Day 3 Day 4 Day 5 Day 6 Day 7 DAY 8
8-9 am Blood and its components by a Linker Part A of case 1 Non Aligned sessions Written
Hematologist Linker- Case 1 PY 2.1 addresses PY 2.1 PY 2.2 PY 2.9 Assessment
Describe the composition and small group discussion + PY 2.5 PA 13.3
functions of blood and its Formative assessment For non Aligned
components ( Linker) SDL topics also
MCQ
Short essays
9-10 am Blood groups , Principles of Blood Blood groups , Principles of Erythropoiesis – Linker part B Role of Iron and Vit A B12 in Heam synthesis and metab Types of hemoglobin and Physiology of Hemolysis Linker Part B of
transfusion and banking Blood transfusion and banking PY 2.5 Describe RBC formation Erythropoiesis PY2.3 Describe & discuss their clinical significance and Anemia case 1 addresses PY
PY 2.9 Describe different blood PY 2.9 Describe different (erythropoiesis & its PA 14.1 Describe iron synthesis & functions of Hb & B1 6.12 Describe the PA 13.3 Define and 2.3 , BI 6.12 ,PY
groups and discuss the clinical blood groups and discuss the regulation) and its functions metabolism explain its breakdown. major types of Hb and its classify anemia 2.9 , PA 13.3 small
importance of blood grouping, blood clinical importance of blood PA 13.I Describe PA 15.1 Describe the Describe Hb variants derivatives found in body PY 2.5 Describe different group discussion +
banking and transfusion grouping, blood banking and hematopoiesis and extra metabolism of Vitamin B12 BI 6.11 Describe the functions and their physiological/ types of anemias & Formative
transfusion medullary hematopoiesis and the etiology and of haem in body and describe pathological relevance. Jaundice assessment
pathogenesis of B12 the processes involved in its SDL
deficiency metabolism and derangements
associated. Porphyrins
10 - 11 am PY 2.9 Group A) Visit to the blood PY 2.9 Group B ) Visit to the Peripheral smear examination Physiology practical Group A Physiology practical Group B Physiology practicals Physiology practical Skill assessment PY
11-12.00 bank Group B ) PY 2.11 Blood blood bank Group A ) PY 2.11 Group A PY 2.1 Describe the PY 2.11 Estimate RBC count PY 2.11 Estimate RBC count Group A PY 2.12 Group B PY 2.12 2.9, PY 2.11, PY 2.1,
Grouping cross matching DOAP Blood Grouping cross composition and functions of and interpret normal Group and interpret normal Group A Demonstrate the tests for Demonstrate the tests for PA 13.4 ,PY 2.12
session matching blood and its components B PY2.11 Estimate Hb, RBC PY2.11 Estimate Hb, RBC ESR, Hematocrit. Note ESR, Hematocrit. Note the OSCE ,Direct
OBJ A) Identify RBC , WBC and indices and interpret indices and interpret PA 13.4 the findings and interpret findings and interpret the Observation
platelet in normal peripheral PA 13.4 Enumerate and Enumerate and describe the the results Group B PY results Group A PY 2.12 For non Aligned
smear B) Discuss their describe the normal blood normal blood parameters 2.12 Demonstrate Demonstrate Osmotic topics also
functions Group B Visit to parameters Osmotic fragility test . fragility test Note the
Hematology lab / Or ALC Note the findings and findings and interpret the
animation interpret the results results
1-2 pm Plasma Proteins PY 2.2 Discuss the Blood groups , Principles of Feedback-
origin, forms, variations and functions Blood transfusion and banking
of plasma proteins PY 2.1 ,2.2 PY 2.9 Formative
Assessment Reflective
exercise
2-3 pm Non Aligned sessions in Anatomy Upper limb Or lower limb Radiological ANATOMY Osteology Remedial
3-4 pm Surgical Anatomy Surface Anatomy
Submissions Assignment for non aligned Assignment for non aligned Assignment for non aligned PY 2.5 PA 14.1 PA 15.1 PY 2.3 BI 6.11BI 6.12
topics topics topics Assignment- 1 on Assignment 2 on
Erythropoiesis and factors Haem synthesis and
regulating metabolism
Linker here is a case of a child with anemia, repeated blood transfusion and jaundice ( hemolytic anemia ),
Linker gives better integration in student mind if all learning experiences including lectures , practical sessions can provide a discussion correlation with the case ( Correlation, Harden
Alignment and integration
ACTIVITY