CHAPTER 2

Figure 1. Theoretical Paradigm

 
The health belief model was established in the 1950s by social
psychologists Rosenstock, Hochbaum, Kegeles, and Leventhal
as one of the first health-related behavior theories. (Urich,
2017).   The Health Belief Model is a theoretical model that may
be used to direct initiatives for disease prevention and health
promotion. It is used to describe and forecast changes in
individual health habits and choices. It is among the most often
applied models for comprehending health-related behaviors.
[(“The Health Belief Model - Rural Health Promotion and
Disease Prevention Toolkit,” 2018)]
According to Rosenstock (1974b), the first researchers
identified that people have different beliefs, fears, and
knowledge, which impact their behavior and are influenced
by four constructs: perceived susceptibility (perceived
threat from dengue), perceived severity, (belief of dengue
repercussions), perceived barriers (belief of not using
interventions), and perceived benefits (belief of protection
from using interventions), additionally, self-efficacy (engage
or not engage in an intervention), as shown in Figure 1. It is
vital to notice that each constructs is prefixed with the
phrase "perceived" because these categories are based
only on individual views rather than verifiable facts.
[(Turrietta, Hewitt, Mcleod, & Moczygemba, 2020)]
Synthesis of the Art
The preceding compilation of the review of
related literature and studies provided
relevant and important information that
serves as a guide for a successful
development of the study.
According to Singh, Singh, & Mohanty, (2012), the use of
mosquito repellent and habitat control for personal and
environmental protection remains to be the main strategies in
eliminating mosquito-carrying diseases. Callahan (2020) stated
that mosquito repellent has variety of formulations but above
all, lotion as repellent is the best medium among any other
formulations. Anchored in the theoretical model of health belief,
people knowledge of mosquito-borne diseases and
interventions specifically the use of mosquito repellents can
greatly impact the health-related behavior of an individual such
as using or acknowledging a certain interventions. People are
diverse being and so their perceptions on different health-
related treatments. Synthetic repellents continue to be the
standard due to its proven efficacy.
However, it causes health-related problems such as skin
irritation, headaches, nausea, disorientation, and dizziness
[10] that’s why there’s a growing need for an alternative
mosquito repellent, plant-based repellent has been proven
to be viable alternative to chemical insecticides [13] oils
from lavender, peppermint, lemon eucalyptus, and
citronella showed strong repellency against specific
mosquito species. As claimed by – ( ) Citronella have
pleasant smell, non-toxic, not irritating to skin, and simple
to grow [23] on the other hand, Rodriguez et al (2020)
explained that lemon eucalyptus share almost the same
potency with DEET [21] but at high concentration could
cause eye-strain. [27].
 Moreover, lavender’s odor is appealing to people but
repulsive to mosquito, henceforth, damaging the latter’s
delicate olfactory organs. [16] Furthermore, peppermint
exhibit outstanding and promising repellant effectivity.
Coconut oil is perfect organic ingredient in developing a
mosquito repellent lotion due to its moisturizing and
hydrating property [ ]
Although citronella, lavender, and peppermint prove its
viability as alternative to synthetics it still lacks long-lasting
duration of protection, in order to achieve the protection
that will last long lemon eucalyptus will be added to
increase the protection time of the repellent lotion.
Definition of Terms
Perceive severity - refers to the subjective assessment of the severity of a

health problem and its potential consequences. The health belief model

proposes that individuals who perceive a given health problem as serious are

more likely to engage in behaviors to prevent the health problem from

occurring (or reduce its severity). 

Perceived susceptibility - refers to subjective assessment of risk of

developing a health problem. The health belief model predicts that individuals

who perceive that they are susceptible to a particular health problem will

engage in behaviors to reduce their risk of developing the health problem

 
 

 
Perceived benefits -  refer to an individual’s assessment of the value or
efficacy of engaging in a health-promoting behavior to decrease risk of
disease
Perceived barriers - refer to an individual’s assessment of the obstacles to
behavior change. Even if an individual perceives a health condition as
threatening and believes that a particular action will effectively reduce the
threat, barriers may prevent engagement in the health-promoting behavior. In
other words, the perceived benefits must outweigh the perceived barriers in
order for behavior change to occur.
Self-efficacy - refers to an individual’s perception of his or her competence to
successfully perform a behavior.