Proposed Control Measure to Reduce Emissions from Small Off-Road Engines (SORE)

Mobile Source Control Division Planning and Technical Support Monitoring and Laboratory Division California Air Resources Board November 13, 2002

Major Components of the Evaporative Portion of the Proposed SORE Control Measure
Sets diurnal evaporative emission standards for equipment with engine displacements greater 65 cc Sets a fuel tank permeation standard applicable to all SORE categories Requires manufactures to label and certify equipment sold in California

Regulatory Approach
Use available technology to reduce emissions Set attainable and cost effective emission standards Limit burden on industry by:
Providing either a performance or a design-based certification option Allowing a phased-in implementation schedule

Permeation Technology
Multi layered co-extruded (Coex) plastic fuel tanks HDPE fuel tanks made with Selar RB-425 Post fabrication fluorination of HDPE fuel tanks Post fabrication sulfonation of HDPE fuel tanks Metal fuel tanks Fuel connectors made from acetal copolymers and other low permeation thermoplastics Fluoroelastomer seals, diaphragms and gaskets

Barrier Treatment Permeation Comparison

Selar RB-425 vs. Fluorination and Co-ex with EVOH

9.0 8.0 7.0 grams/tank/day 6.0 5.0 4.0 3.0 2.0 1.0 0.0

9.00 7.00

Haltermann 15M + 5E

0.15 HDPE

0.50

0.15 F2

0.60

0.10

0.40

RB-425

CO-EX

Permeability of fuel tanks containing with 7% Selar and 30% regrind using a 65 - 105 -65 F diurnal profile. Average values for Fluorination (F2) and co-ex with EVOH.

Polymer Permeation Comparison

65.00 70 60 50 40 26.00 30 20 10 0 PPS POM PBT HDPE Nylon 0.12 0.35 3.00

Fuel CE10 @ 40 C

g-mm/m -day

Polyphenylene Sulfide (PPS), Acetal Copolymer (POM) Polybutylene Terephthalate (PBT)

Nylon Permeation Comparison

56.45 60

Fuel CE10 @ 40 C
50 g-mm/m -day 40 30 20 10 0 Zytel 450 Zytel 70G33 Zytel 103 Zytel ST801 HDPE 2.2 3.6

0.3

0.4

Dupont Zytel Nylon Products

Evaporative Emission Control Technology

Passively actuated valves that control vapors Carbon canisters systems that absorb tank vapors Pleated carbon air filters capable of absorbing carburetor vapors Hybrid systems that vent tank vapors to a canister above a fixed pressure Collapsible fuel bladders

Venting Control Technology Demonstration

Tested three pairs of walk-behind lawn mowers ARB built and tested prototype controls with the following technology:
Engine-brake actuated valves that isolate tank vapors during storage Fluorinated HDPE fuel tanks Low permeation fuel lines

Modified Snapper Mower

Modified Honda Mower

Venting Technology Demonstration Data

Lawn Mower Evaporative Emission Reduction Data (24-Hour Diurnal Fuel Comparison) 4.0 Baseline MTBE 3.5 2.969 3.374 Baseline Ethanol 3.414 3.149 3.0 2.5 Grams HC 2.963 Modified MTBE Modified Ethanol 3.777

2.0 1.356 0.861 1.0 0.5 0.809 0.814 0.782

1.5
Proposed Standard

1.251

0.0 B&S #1 B&S #2 Tecumseh #1 Tecumseh #2 Honda #1 Honda #2

Canister Control Technology Modeling

Calculated emissions from a 670 cc canister with a working capacity of 36 grams Modeled canister performance as if it were attached to a 5 gallon fuel tank filled to 50% capacity Assumed a test fuel with a RVP of 7 PSI Simulated canister performance over 50 diurnal temperature profiles (65 - 105 - 65F) Worst case long term efficiency determined to be 47%

Canister Modeling Data

7 Da Desig Cri eria

10 9 8 7 ra s H

6 5 4 3

1 0

10

12

14

16

18

20

22

24

26

28

30

32

34

36

38

40

42

44

46

48 s

Da

a k

issi

Abs rb d b

a is

ackp rg

a is

issi

50

r p s d >225 cc 2.0 gra S a dard

Estimated Canister Efficiency

100 90 80 70
97%

Efficiency %

60
50.6%

50
47.4%

40 30 20 10 0

10

12

14

16

18

20

22

24

26

28

30

32

34

36

38

40

42

44

46

48

Da

Ca is er Efficienc

50

Proposed Evaporative Standards

1.0 gram HC/day diurnal standard for equipment with engines > 65 cc < 225 cc 2.0 gram HC/day diurnal standard for equipment with engines > 225 cc 1.0 gram/meter2/day fuel tank permeation standard for all SORE equipment fuel tanks

Test Procedures
Staff is reviewing recently adopted U.S. EPA permeation and diurnal emissions test procedures TP-901, Test Procedure for Determining Fuel Tank Permeation Rates Using Gravimetric Analysis:
currently considering a gravimetric test procedure

TP-902, Test Procedure for Determining Diurnal Evaporative Emissions from Small Off-Road Engines
is intended for performance-based certification

Requesting comment on alternative test procedures

In-Use Durability Test

Staff is developing a test procedure that duplicates the cycles of use of systems/components Test procedure currently assumes 7 year useful life Accelerated aging would simulate usage and consider hour of operation Staff is currently seeking comment on durability test procedures

Certification Options
Certify equipment to performance standards (CP-901 Part I) Certify equipment to design standards (CP-901 Part II) Certify control components/systems (CP-901 Part III)
Fuel tank permeation (CP-901 Appendix A) Venting control (CP-901 Appendix B) Fuel hose permeation (CP-901 Appendix C)

Performance-Based Certification Overview

OEM Submits Letter of Intent per CP-901

OEM Submits Cover Letter and Certification Application per CP-901

ARB Rejects Certification Application & Notifies OEM

Deficient

ARB Reviews Application

Complete

ARB Accepts Certification Application

ARB Reviews Test Data and Performs Engineering Evaluation

Reference

Performance Standards or Optional Performance Standards

ARB Denies Certification and Notifies OEM

No

Meets Performance Standards?

Yes

ARB Prepares Certification Summary, Issues Executive Order and Notifies OEM

Performance-Based Certification Requirements

Group equipment models into evaporative families Measure emissions for the highest emitting equipment within the evaporative family Submit an evaporative emissions label for ARB approval Submit a certification application that includes:
Performance-based certification summary sheet Certification Database Form

Performance-Based Testing Requirements

Performance-based certification requires gravimetric testing (all SORE tanks) and SHED testing for engines > 65 cc
Select a model in the evaporative family that is expected to exhibit worst-case emissions Conduct emission testing per applicable test procedure TP-901 or TP-902 Results must not exceed applicable standard

Design-Based Certification Overview

OEM mits Letter of Intent per CP-901

OEM mits Letter of Compliance (LOC) per CP-901

Reference

List of Approved Fuel Line Desi ns per CP 901 Appendix C Executive Order ARB tamps Approved on LOC and Notifies OEM

ARB enies Certification and Notifies OEM

No

Approved Components?

Yes

&

&

ARB

l LOC

tes

List of Approved Component Desi ns per CP 901 Appendix B Executive Order

&

Deficient

Complete

ARB Accept

'

 

ARB Rejects LOC & tifies OEM

ARB Reviews LOC

 

$# $# "

List of Approved Fuel ank Desi ns per CP 901 Appendi A Executive Order

Design-Based Certification Requirements

Select approved emission control equipment Group equipment into evaporative families Submit an evaporative emissions label for ARB approval Submit a letter of compliance that includes:
Design-based certification summary sheet Certification database form

Design-Based Certification Summary Sheet Requirements

Certification Summary must specifically reference:
Executive Order number from CP-910 Appendix A that approves the fuel tank permeation control Executive Order number from CP-901 Appendix B that approves the system used to control vapors generated by the fuel tank Executive Order number from CP-901 Appendix C that approves the low permeation fuel line

Design-Based Equipment Requirements

Control equipment must include:
Fuel tank permeation control System to control vapors generated by the fuel tank Self-locking, tethered fuel cap Low permeation fuel line that meets SAE J30 R11, J30 R12A, or J2260 category one specifications

Control System Certification Overview

anufacturer ub its Application for Certification with est Data

Durability Data Docu ents no Significant Increase in E issions

No

ARB Denies Certification and Notifies anf.

echnology Certified

Yes

ARB Certifies echnology with Conditions and Issues Executive Order

ARB Perfor s Engineering Evaluation and Reviews est Data

Reference riteria

(2 )

est Data o pared to Applicable Perfor ance Standards

Deficient

Co plete

ARB RejectsApplication & Notifies anf.

ARB Reviews Application

( 1

ARB Accepts Application

Applicable Design riteria in Appendixes A, B, or C

Control System Certification Process

Submit a certification application containing:
cover letter with test data engineering description of control system durability demonstration statement of materials compatibility with fuels any maintenance requirements warranty

System will undergo an engineering evaluation that may include:

evaluation of system concept bench testing of components failure mode testing

Next Steps
Incorporate stakeholder comment on proposed regulatory language and certification procedures Post and take comment on test procedures TP-901 and TP-902 Prepare staff report

Contacts and Additional Information

Evaporative Emissions Information James Watson (916) 327-1282 Dean Bloudoff (916) 323-1169 Fax (916) 322-2444 jwatson@arb.ca.gov dbloudof@arb.ca.gov

Emissions Inventory Information Walter Wong (626) 450-6184 Archana Agrawal (626) 450-6136 Mark Carlock (626) 575-6608

wwong@arb.ca.gov aagrawal@arb.ca.gov mcarlock@arb.ca.gov

SORE Web Page URL http://www.arb.ca.gov/msprog/offroad/sore/sore.htm