Review

 What is ideology?
 What is Pakistan’s ideology based on?

 Two factors that generated

nationalistic awareness among Hindus

and Muslims of Subcontinent
 Significance of ideological basis of

Pakistan
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Ideology is…
 A subjective phenomena
 A set of proposals about human

nature and ideology

 An interpretation of the past,

explanation of the present and a vision

for the future
 Not consistent but dynamic

phenomena

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Emergence of an Ideology

Always emerges in a crises

Emerges among the dissatisfied

and exploited groups of a society

Oppressed, rejected and

mistreated people lead to

emergence of ideologies
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Ideology of Pakistan

{ Historical development

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Possible basis of Communal Divide:

 Aurangzeb’s Islamization
 Changing hierarchy of power
 British Divide and Rule Policy
 War of Independence 1857
 Introduction of separate electorates in 1909
 Partition of Bengal 1905 and reversal 1911
 Simla deputation 1906 reserved seat for Muslims
 Hinduism encountered a divine religion for the first
time and could not amalgamate it
 Urdu- Hindi controversy (1867)
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Role of Leaders

 SirSyed Ahmed Khan (Genrated the

idea)
 Allama Iqbal (Social Awareness)

 Muhammad Ali Jinnah (Political

application)

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Sir Syed Ahmed Khan

 Enthusiastic supporter of Hindu

Muslim Unity
 However was the first to use the word

‘Two Nations’ in 1868

 Hindi Urdu Controversy

 Aligarh Movement

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Allama Muhammad Iqbal
 Ardent supporter of Hindu Muslim Unity
 Political thought combined with Poetic vision

 Brought back Muhammad Ali Jinnah.

 Muslim League Annual Session , Allahbad

address, Dec, 1930

 1931, round table Conference, Proponed the

Idea to Jinnah in a letter regarding a separate

homeland for Muslims
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Muhammad Ali Jinnah
 Was he a hero?
 Was he a great man?

 Ardent supporter of unity, congress member

 Transition from 1906 to 1913

 Used Two Nation Theory as a legal term

 Quaid’s contribution…..?

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Suggested Readings

 “Pakistan: The Formative Phase”

by K.B Saeed
 “Constitutional and Political History of

Pakistan”
by Hamid Khan

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