Romania - The carpathian

garden
 Presentation by
Georgescu Dragos &
Nastase Georgica,
students at “Dimitrie Bolintineanu “ high school
 Content
1.Romanian Athenaeum;
2.Palace of the Parliament;
3.Danube Delta;
4.Peles Castle - Sinaia;
5.Bran Castle;
6.Corvin Castle – Hunedoara;
7.Curtea de Arges Monastery;
8. Mud Volcanoes – Buzau;
9.Bicaz Gorge;
10.Transfagarasan;
11.Merry Cemetery – Sapanta;
12.The Arch of Triumph;
13.Danube Boilers;
14.Putna Monastery;
15.Sarmisegetuza Regia;
16.Turda Salt Mine;
17.The Black Church – Brasov;
18.Transalpina;
19.Bigar Waterfall;
20.Voronet Monastery – Sistine Chapel of the East.
 1. Romanian Athenaeum
1.Exterior
The facade of the building is turned to the west
and contains a peristyle made up of six ionic
columns, which give the building the appearance of
an ancient Greek temple. The columns support a
triangular pediment and are based on a platform
consisting of 8 steps. The peristyle wall, above the
entrance doors to the palace, has 5 medallions in the
mosaic, representing Alexander the Good, Neagoe
Basarab, Vasile Lupu, Matei Basarab and King Carol
I.
2.Interior
The fresco, 3 m wide, extends from one side of
the stage to a length of 75 m and comprises 25
episodes from Roman history, symbolizing "the open
book of national history for those who see it".
lighting a candle in memory of the husband or father.
On the monument there is a funeral star discovered
in an archaeological site in Alba Iulia. The young
Romanian military man is painted standing with his
head bowed, a sign of respect for the ritual he
participates in.
 2. Palace of the Parliament
Starting from an older idea, the
Parliament Palace building was built in the
time of Nicolae Ceausescu in a period of
great economic deprivation. The dictator's
tendency was, on the one hand, to
concentrate in one building all the central
organs of the state, and on the other,
Ceausescu wanted a seismically safe home,
which would withstand a possible nuclear
attack. 
From an architectural point of view, the
Parliament Palace is one of the most
controversial buildings in Romania: Anca
Petrescu identifies it with the Buckingham
Palace in London and the Versailles Palace
in France, and the architects of the time
with the "little Phenian", having an eclectic
style, loaded with elements. contradictory.  
 3.Danube Delta
An exotic land, where if you have
the opportunity you can see over 1830
species of trees and plants, over 2440
species of insects, 91 species of
molluscs, 11 species of reptiles, 10
species of amphibians, 341 species of
birds and 44 species of mammal species,
many of them being declared unique
species and monuments of nature. And
let's not forget that 133 species of fish
live in its waters, which is an important
food source for birds and aquatic
mammals as well as an important
scientific and economic resource.
 4.Peles Castle - Sinaia
Peleş Castle was built at the initiative
of the first King of Romania, Carol I,
outside the perimeter of the commune of
Podul Neagului, a locality with a surface
of 24 km in 1874, year in which, on the
initiative of the sovereign, the commune
receives the name of Sinaia. A year later,
in the center of the village are built the
first Boiar houses, and in 1876 the
construction of the railway Ploiesti -
Predeal begins, which also crosses
Sinaia. At the same time, between 1873
and 1875 the foundation of Peles Castle
was built. The ceremony for laying the
foundation stone of the residence was
held in a festive setting on August 10/22,
1875.
 5.Bran Castle
Initially, Bran Castle was a
military fortress of defense based on
the form of an irregular patrol. In
time, the fortress underwent many
changes, including: the addition of the
south tower (in 1622, according to the
plans of Prince Gabriel Bethlen), the
construction of a rectangular tower to
the east, and between 1883 and 1886,
the roof was covered with tile. The
fortress was transformed into a royal
residence in 1920, with the entry of
Queen Maria's property, and between
1920 and 1929 the most important
restoration works were carried out.
 6.Corvin Castle- Hunedoara
The Castle of Hunedoara, also called
the Castle of the Corvins, of the
Corvineşti or of the Hunians, is the
medieval fortress of Hunedoara. This
architectural monument dating from the
14th century is representative of the
Gothic feudal art in Europe and was
built on the site of an old Roman
fortress.
The first owner of this Gothic
architectural monument was the patron
saint of Voicu, father of Iancu de
Hunedoara, who received the gift castle
from King Sigismund I of Luxembourg.

Access to the castle is made on a

wooden bridge, supported by four
massive stone pillars, placed in the river
Zlati stream, leaving behind the hussar
court and the niche that houses the statue
of St. John of Nepomuk, the protector of
bridges and water crossings.
 7. Curtea de Arges Monastery
One of the most charged spiritual, historical
and cultural settlements in Argeș County is the city
of Curtea de Argeș. The capital of the Romanian
Country, the Curtea de Argeș carries with it
centuries of history, civilization and culture, and
proudly shows its inhabitants, as well as the tourists
who visit the architectural wonders it possesses.
The Curtea de Argeș Monastery offers the
general public an architectural splendor, as well as
a legend. So, for those who visit this building for
the first time, they want to know first hand the
beautiful legend of Master Manole. Legend says
that Master Manole, trying to build the monastery,
and being hit by heavy obstacles (which built the
day was demolished at night), uses the supreme
sacrifice and builds his wife, Ana, in one of the
outer walls of the monastery, this being the only
way for the edifice to be erected. The human
sacrifice does not stop here, Manole himself losing
his life when he tries to fly from the roof of the
monastery. Where his body crashed to the ground
the legend says that a spring appeared, on that
place, today, Manole's Fountain.
 8.Mud volcanoes -Buzau
Although their name might lead us
to think of something huge and scary,
mud volcanoes are - in fact - some
conical ridges (shaped like funnels with
their peaks up), which look like taller,
wider shells. These cones are formed on
the surface of the earth by the eruption
of gases released from the hydrocarbon
deposits in the basement (the
hydrocarbons are chemical, organic
compounds, formed by carbon and
hydrogen).
Starting from somewhere deep in
the earth, the emitted gases make their
way to the surface, pushing in their path
the water and mud they encounter on the
way. Thus, in the area where the gas exits
the atmosphere (also emitting a smell of
sulfur), the water and clay mud brought
from the basement is poured, depositing
in conical layers and continuing to
bubble slowly. Although it is a rare
phenomenon worldwide, mud volcanoes
can be admired in Romania, in the sub-
Carpathian area of ​Buzau county.
 9.Bicaz Gorge
The crossing of Bicaz Gorges
impresses any tourist on the road
that connects the Neamţ counties
with Harghita, through the majestic
rock walls and the wildness of the
landscape. The strong impression
left by this wonder of nature is
preserved not only at the first
incursion through the road coils,
along the eight kilometers along the
keys. The natural formation is
crossed by the national road that
connects the cities of Bicaz (Neamţ)
with Gheorghieni (Harghita) and is
31 kilometers from the first and 25
kilometers from the second.
 10.Transfagarasan
The fascinating road built over the Fagaras
mountain group, Transfagarasan is one of the
biggest attractions of Romania and beyond,
attracting tourists from all over the world.
Located in the mountains hosting the highest
peak in the country, Moldoveanu, where the
altitude is 2544 meters, the Transfagarasan, with
its dazzling serpentines, forms a unique
landscape in which nature can be caught in the
most spectacular hypostases.
It is not on the first place in terms of the
highest altitude, this place being occupied by
another amazing road, Transalpina (which
reaches the altitude of 2145 meters), but it is on
the second place, the Transfagarasan reaching
the height. 2042 meters. Due to this high
altitude, but also because it is in the heart of the
mountains and has a lot of snow, this road is
closed most of the year, being accessible only
during the summer. At the same time, cars are
not allowed to exceed the speed of 40
kilometers per hour on this route, because the
coils are very dangerous.
 11. Merry Cemetery-Sapanta

In this enclosed space, surrounded

by the Carpathian Mountains, a true
civilization of wood has developed that
has tried not only to give a function to
the created objects, but also a special
aesthetic. Probably the same thing
happened with one of the craftsmen
from Maramures, who left a true
treasure - Ioan Stan Patras.
The images on the cross represent
an important scene in the life of the
deceased. Sometimes they show the
job of the man: forest, hunter, logger,
cook, farmer. Women are represented
by making bread, weaving carpets,
twisting wool. If a person died from a
more unusual accident, the scene of the
tragic accident will be painted on the
cross.
 12. The Arch of Triumph
The Arch of Triumph is a monument
located in the northern part of Bucharest, in
sector 1, at the intersection of Kiseleff road
with Constantin Prezan, Alexandru Averescu
and Alexandru Constantinescu boulevards. The
monument, designed by Petre Antonescu, was
built in 1921-1922, renovated in 1935-1936,
and again renovated starting in 2014. It
commemorates Romania's victory in the First
World War.
The Arch of Triumph is 27 m high, with a
single opening and is of parallelepiped shape.
The models were executed by plastic artists,
and for the carving of the Rușchița marble,
besides the native sculptors, a number of ten
sculptors from Italy were also used.
The Arch of Triumph houses a small
museum, which can only be visited on special
occasions. Visitors can see four exhibitions:
The Great War of the Reunification of the
Nation (photography and film), the Great
Union from 1918 (where there are also crowns
and royal scepter reproduced (photos) and can
climb to the upper terrace.
 13.Danube Boilers

The face of Decebal carved in the rock

in the area of ​Small Boilers is the best known
sight in the area, but also the largest sculpture
in all Europe, 55 m high and 25 m wide. The
sculpture is relatively recent and was made
from private funds of Romanian businessman
Iosif Constantin Dragan, being completed in
2004 after a 10-year work performed by 12
mountaineering sculptors. At present, tourists
who come to visit the monument can not but be
impressed by its size, higher than the statue of
Christ in Rio de Janeiro and almost as tall as
the Statue of Liberty. It is a monument that can
not fail to awaken the pride of being a
Romanian even among those who, under the
daily worries, have lost their patriotic spirit.
In the same tone of a long-standing
history that can be retreated at the same
intensity in few areas of the country, tourists
can choose to continue the itinerary on the exit
from the Serbian shore, in the immediate
vicinity of Decebal's statue.
 14.Putna Monastery
Putna Monastery is the most important
place of worship erected by the Moldovan
ruler Stefan cel Mare.
According to the old Moldovan
chronicles, the building of the church of
Putna Monastery began on June 10, 1466
and ended in 1469, the consecration of the
church taking place the following year, on
September 3. The columnist Ion Neculce
told how the place where the monastery
was built was chosen: "Stefan-Voda the
Good, when they started to make the Putna
monastery, they shot with a bow from a
mountain peak near the monastery. And
where the arrow came, they made the altar
in the altar. " The great voivode, Stephen
the Great was buried, in 1504, at Putna
Monastery, after having ruled Moldova for
47 years and three months. He was
followed to the throne by his son Bogdan.
 15.Sarmisegetuza Regia
Sarmizegetusa Regia
(Sarmizegetusa Basileion) was the capital of
the Dacian state, built in the middle of the
1st century BC. It is located near the current
village of Grădiştea Muncelului (Hunedoara
county), on Grădiştii Hill, at about 1,200 m
altitude. It is composed of three parts: the
civil settlement, with the neighborhoods
located on several terraces, the fortress and
the sacred area. Around Sarmizegetusei, on
the valley of the river Grădiştea there were
several civil settlements and clusters of
sheltered houses between the great Dacian
fortresses. To place the different
constructions and to provide the space
necessary to extend the settlement, the
Dacians resorted to the technique of
terracing the mountain slopes and where
they were needed, the large terraces
supported them with strong walls in the
murus Dacicus technique.
 16.Turda Salt Mine
Turda Salt Mine is located 2 km east of
Turda, Cluj County. In the Middle Ages it was
the largest salt mine in Transylvania. Today
Turda Salt Mine is a tourist objective and a
healing and recreational base.
Historic
The salt exploitation in Turda dates back to
Roman times. The first documentary mention of
Turda relates precisely to the privileges related
to the exploitation of salt. Thus, in 1075, King
Geza I of Hungary gave to the Monastery of St.
Benedict half of the salt custom at Turda. The
fortress and settlement were based on the
exploitation of the salt. Georg Reicherstorffer,
in "Chorographia Transilvaniae", printed in
Vienna in 1550, wrote that Turda is one of the
main exploitation centers of the salt in
Transylvania. In the 17th century new wells are
opened and The mine was closed in 1932 due to
low profitability. After 1950 it was reopened to
the public. In 2010 it was renovated from the
ground up for the purpose of tourist
exploitation.
 17.The Black Church - Brasov
The Black Church, one of the symbols of the city
of Brasov, is the parochial church of the Evangelical
Church C.A. from Romania. The current name was
given to it after, in 1689, the fire that encompassed the
entire city turned it into a ruin. Initially she had the
Feast of Saint Mary. After the Reformation it was
known as the "Great Church", but the popular name
after the fire, the "Black Church", was officially
accepted in the 19th century. The Black Church is the
largest sacral construction in Romania, the largest
church-hall east of Vienna and one of the largest
medieval places of worship from St. Stephen's dome in
Vienna to Hagia Sophia in Constantinople.
Inside, the visitor can discover countless objects
of art: the critselniţa (1472), the mural painting of St.
Mary (1476), the strangers from the XVIII-XIX
centuries that attest the intense activity of the guilds of
Brasov, the neogothic altar (1866) along with many
other pieces. from gold and funeral stones of the
personalities of Brasov. At the back of the church are
two permanent open exhibitions, which tell of the
history of the Black Church and the life of the
reformer Johannes Honterus.
 18.Transalpina
Transalpina is known as the
highest road in Romania,
connecting the Parang Mountains,
running between Ardeal and
Oltenia. Transalpina has become
the most important tourist road in
Romania, along with
Transfagarasan. The road is also
known as the "King's Road",
because it was built at the request
of King Carol II, present at the
inauguration in 1939. In Urdele
Pass, the road reaches a height of
2,145 meters, the highest altitude
at which there is a road from
Romania. The landscapes that can
be seen by those arriving on
Transalpina are spectacular.
 19.Bigar Waterfall
Declared repeatedly as one of the
most beautiful waterfalls in the world,
Bigar Waterfall has, since last year, a
specially designed tourist route in order
to be visited safely.
The water flowing to the Bigăr
waterfall is rich in limestone and flows
into the Miniș river on a rocky
threshold about 8 meters high, covered
with moss, forming our famous
waterfall. The water comes out from
under a rock that has a height of over
50 meters. The colors change according
to the rays of the sun and give you the
feeling that you have in front of a living
water, it is so wonderful. A true
spectacle of nature!
In winter, the ice caps of the
waterfall form a true Cleștar Palace.
20.Voronet Monastery– Sistine
Chapel of the East
The Voronet monastery, nicknamed the "Sistine
Chapel of the East", is a medieval monastic complex
built in the village of Voronet, today a district of the
city of Gura Humorului. The monastery is 36 km from
Suceava and only 4 km from the center of Gura
Humorului. It is one of the most valuable founders of
Stephen the Great (1457-1504). The church was
erected in 1488 in only 3 months and 3 weeks, which
is a record for that time.
THE PAINTING
The interior painting of the church dates to most
of the time of Stephen the Great, the year 1496.
Among these interior paintings I draw the most
attention: the Last Supper, the Communion of the
Apostles, the washing of the feet (in the altar), the
cycle of passions and the votive picture of the ruler
Stephen the Great (in the nave).
The exterior painting of Voronet, dating from the
reign of Petru Rareș, is made at a high artistic level,
being considered as the best ensemble of the
Moldovan feudal art. The biblical figures in these
exterior frescoes are close to life, animated, of
course. The frescoes are distinguished by their lively
color, close to that of the surrounding nature and in
which the green and blue predominate, by the wide-
ranging composition of the different scenes.
 Bibliography
https://www.wikipedia.org/
http://www.referatele.com/
https://www.honterusgemeinde.ro/
http://cazaneledunarii.com.ro/
https://travelguideromania.com/
http://www.montaniarzi.ro/
https://www.cjarges.ro/
http://www.castelulcorvinilor.ro/
http://www.castelulbran.ro/
http://peles.ro/
Thanks for watching!