PHYSICS POWERPOINT

PROJECT
SOURABH BISWAS
11-A
MAXFORT SCHOOL DWARKA
 CERTIFICATE
This to certify that me, Sourabh Biswas student of class 11-A have successfully completed this
presentation based on the topic ‘To Determine The Velocity Of A Pulse Propagated Through A
Stretched Spring / Slinky’ under the guidance of my physics teacher Mrs Shefali Ma’am during
year 2021-2022.
Regards,

TEACHER’S SIGNATURE_________ PRINCIPAL’S SIGNATURE__________

 AIM OF PROJECT

The aim of this project is to determine the

velocity of a pulse propagated through a
stretched spring / slinky.
 INTRODUCTION
• Slinky: A slinky is a long helical spring, usually made of steel. It is flexible and has appreciable elasticity. It produces transverse
waves when one end is fixed and the other end is stretched and given a jerk at right angle to its length. It produces longitudinal
waves when compressions are given at regular intervals of time at the free end of the slinky. A disturbance which propagates
through a medium is called wave.

• Longitudinal waves: In case of longitudinal waves, the particles of the medium vibrate to and fro periodically along the direction
of propagation of the wave. It consists of alternate compressions and rarefactions. For example, waves along a compressed spring
are longitudinal waves.

• Wavelength (λ) of longitudinal waves: The distance covered by one complete rarefaction and one complete compression. [Or]
The distance between two consecutive compressions or rarefactions.

• Frequency(v):  The number of vibrations made by a particle in the slinky per unit time (one second) is called its frequency.

• Time period: The time taken to complete one wavelength.

• Transverse waves: When the particles of the medium periodically move up and down, perpendicular to the direction of
propagation of the wave, it is called transverse wave. A transverse wave consists of alternate crests and troughs. While the wave
disturbance moves in the forward direction, the medium particles show upward movement, the topmost position of displacement
is known as crest. The maximum downward displacement is known as trough.

• Wave Velocity or Pulse Velocity:  Wave velocity is the distance travelled by the wave per second.
 Continued
Formula of frequency Velocity Of pulse
 Materials Required

1. A Flat Wire Coiled Spring/Slinky Made Up Of Metal/Plastic Should Be

Atleast 1m Long.
2.  A Metre Scale
3. A Stop-watch
4. A Marker/ Chalk.
5. A Small Wooden Board Or A Hard Bound Book.
 Procedure
1.Mark a point on the floor of a long corridor. Let this point be P.

2.rom point P measure the distance of 1 m with the help of metre scale, mark this point as Q.

3.Allow one student to hold one end of slinky at point P.

4.Let another student stretch the slinky and bring it at point Q.

5.Let third student hold the stopwatch.

6.The student who has stretched the slinky will stretch it beyond point Q and then give a sharp push towards point Q. The push should
stop at point Q.

7.A pulse is produced in the slinky which travels towards the point P and it gets reflected back towards point Q.

8.Record the time from push at Q to the pulse travelling towards P and back at Q.

9.Follow the above procedure 56 times and record your observation.

10.Calculate the velocity of pulse by the formula:

Velocity Of Pulse=Total Distance Traveled By Pulse/Total Time Taken
DIAGRAM
 Observation
Length of stretched Total distance Velocity of pulse
S.No. slinky travelled by pulse Time taken
1. 1m 2 x 1m = 2m 11.34 0.176
2. 1m 2 x 1m = 2m 10.08 0.198
3. 1m 2 x 1m = 2m 10.56 0.189
4. 1m 2 x 1m = 2m 11.46 0.174
5. 1m 2 x 1m = 2m 10.86 0.184

Average velocity of pulse = 0.176+0.198+0.189+0.174+0.184/5 = 0.1842

Result:
The velocity of pulse = 0.1842 m/s.
 Precautions
• Slinky used should be of good quality and with even springs coiled all over.
• Accurately measure the distance and time.
• The push at the end should be forceful to see the pulse and get the reflected wave back.
• The slinky should not have any knot or kink at any point along its length.
• The slinky should have appropriate length, elasticity and flexibility.
• One end of the slinky should be fixed properly.
• The top of the table should be smooth.
 
 • www.google.com
Bibliography • www.wikepedia.com
• www.amrita.olabs.edu.in