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Stratigraphy is a branch of geology

concerned with the study of sedimentary
rock layers (strata) and layering.

Stratification - is also known as bedding,

which is the layering that happens in
sedimentary and igneous rocks formed at the
surface of the Earth that comes from lava flows
or other volcanic activity.
Danish scientist Nicholas
Steno studied the relative
position of sedimentary
rocks. Sedimentary rocks are
formed particle by particle,
bed by bed, and the layers
are piled one on top of the
other.
Stratigraph
y Law or
Steno’s
Laws
Law of Superposition
The largest and heaviest rock layer that settled first at the
bottom is the oldest rock layer.
The lightest and smallest that settled last is the youngest
rock layer.
Law of Original Horizontality
sediments are deposited in flat layers, if the rock
maintains in horizontal layers, it means it is not yet
disturbed and still has its original horizontality
The Law of Lateral Continuity suggests that all rock layers are
laterally continuous and may be broken up or displaced by later
events. This can happen when a river or stream erodes a portion of
the rock layers. This can also happen when faulting occurs. 
Law of Cross Cutting Relationship
a fault or dike- a slab rock cuts through another
rock when magma intrudes to the rock, that fault
or magma is younger than the rock.
Law of Unconformities
rock layers that are formed without interruptions are conformable.
Describes a layer of rock that have been deformed or eroded before
another layer is deposited, resulting in rock layer mismatching
Angular unconformities are represented by an older group of rock layers
has been tilted, eroded, and another younger set of rock layers were
deposited on top of this erosional surface.
Disconformities are an erosional surface between two sets of rock layers.
Unlike with angular unconformities, there is no tilting of the older rock
layers. 
Nonconformities are unconformities that separate different rock types. This
is commonly the separation between igneous and sedimentary or
metamorphic and sedimentary rocks.