Cloud Computing

Unit 4
 Virtualization
• Virtualization is the process of running a virtual
instance of a computer system in a layer abstracted
from the actual hardware.
• It allows to share single physical instance of an
application or resource among multiple organizations
or tenants (customers).
• It  assigning a logical name to a physical resource &
providing a pointer to that physical resource on
demand.
• Most commonly, it refers to running multiple
operating systems on a computer system
simultaneously.
 Virtualization
• Creating a virtual machine over existing operating
system and hardware is referred as Hardware
Virtualization.
• Virtual Machines provide an environment that is
logically separated from the underlying hardware.
• The machine on which the virtual machine is
created is known as host machine
• Virtual machine is referred as a guest machine
Layers in Virtualization
 Layers in Virtualization
• Access Virtualization: Allows applications to work
with remote client devices without change, even
though those remote devices were never been
thought.
• Example: XenDesktop from Citrix
• Application Virtualization: Allows applications written
for one OS version or other OS to happily execute in
another environment
• Example: AppZero, XenApp from Citrix, App-V from
Microsoft and VMware ThinApp
 Layers in Virtualization
• Processing Virtualization: Allows one system to
support workloads as if it was many systems,
• It allows one workload to run across many
systems as if it was a single computing resource
• Example: Citrix XenServer, Microsoft Hyper-V and
VMware vServer
• Adaptive Computing Moab and IBM Platform
Computing LSF are both examples of cluster
managers
 Layers in Virtualization
• Network Virtualization: Allows systems to work with
other systems safely and securely, without having to
care too much about the details of the network
• Examples: Cisco Extensible Network Controller (XNC)
and Juniper Contrail software-defined networking (SDN)
• Storage Virtualization: Allows workloads to access
storage without having to know where the data is
stored, what type of device is storing the data, or
whether the storage is attached directly
• Examples: Open-E DSS, Sanbolic clustered storage,
DataCore SANsymphony-V and VMware VSAN, software-
defined storage (SDS)
 Layers in Virtualization
• Management of Virtualized Environments: Allows IT
administrators and operators to easily monitor and
manage virtual environments across boundaries.
• The boundaries can include the physical location of
systems; OS’s in use; applications or workloads in
use; network topology; storage implementation; and
how client systems connect to the applications  
• Examples: AppNeta, BMC, CA, HP and IBM, offer
management and monitoring software.
 Layers in Virtualization
• Security for Virtualized Environments:
Monitors and protects all of the other layers
of virtualization so that only authorized use
can be made of the resources
• Examples: Bitdefender, Kaspersky, TrendMicro,
McAfee 
 Hypervisor
• Virtual machine is managed by a software or
firmware is known as hypervisor
• The hypervisor is a firmware or low-level
program that acts as a Virtual Machine
Manager.
• It is also called as  Virtual Machine Monitor
• It creates a virtual platform on the host
computer, on top of it, multiple guest OS are
executed and monitored. or (VMM)
 Hypervisors -Types
• Native or Bare Metal Hypervisor (Type1 hypervisor)
• Hosted Hypervisor (Type2 hypervisor)
Native or Bare Metal Hypervisor (Type1
hypervisor)
 Native or Bare Metal Hypervisor (Type1
hypervisor)
• Native hypervisors are software systems that
run directly on the host's hardware to control
the hardware and to monitor the Guest OS
• The guest operating system runs on a separate
level above the hypervisor
• All of them have a Virtual Machine Manager
• Examples: Oracle VM, Microsoft Hyper-V,
VMWare ESX and Xen
Hosted Hypervisor (Type2 hypervisor)
Hosted Hypervisor (Type2 hypervisor)
• Hosted hypervisors are designed to run within
a traditional operating system.
• hosted hypervisor adds a distinct software
layer on top of the host operating system.
• While, the guest operating system becomes a
third software level above the hardware.
• Examples: Oracle VM VirtualBox, VMWare
Server and Workstation, Microsoft Virtual PC,
KVM, QEMU and Parallels.
 Types of Virtualization
• Full Virtualization: Here the hardware architecture
is completely simulated. Guest software doesn't
need any modification to run any applications.
• Emulation Virtualization: Here the virtual machine
simulates the hardware & is independent.
Furthermore, the guest OS doesn't require any
modification.
• Para-Virtualization: Here, the hardware is not
simulated; instead the modified guest software runs
its isolated system
Full Virtualization
Emulation Virtualization
Para-Virtualization
Comparison of Virtualization
 Advantages of Virtualization
• Lower Cost
• Efficient resource utilization
• Increase IT flexibility
• Advanced Hardware Virtualization features
Virtualization in Cloud