HIV Infection and AIDS

Ram Bhushan Das

MBBS 3RD YEAR
NoMCTH
 CONTENTS
• Clinical Features
• Diagnosis
• Treatment
• Prevention And Control
 Clinical features
4 broad categories
1. Initial infection with HIV and
Ab formation
2. Asymptomatic carrier state
3. AIDS Related Complex(ARC)
4. AIDS
 1. Initial infection with HIV
• After few weeks of initial infection
Few people - mild illness(fever, sore throat and rash)
Most people – asymptomatic for >_5 year BUT
infectious
• Once infected , infected for life
• HIV Ab detectable in serum in 2-12 weeks
• WINDOW PERIOD – the period before Abs are
produced during which standard ab-blood test –ve
BUT he/she is infectious.
 2. Asymptomatic Carrier State
• Antibodies(Ab) present BUT no signs of overt
disease except persistent Generalized
Lymphadenopathy(GL)

3. AIDS-Related Complex(ARC)
• Illness due to damage to immune system but
without opportunistic infections and cancers
associated to AIDS
• Clinical signs: a.unexplained diarrhoea >1 month
b. wt. loss > 10% of BW c. enlarged spleen
d. Generalized lymphadenopathy(GL)
e. fever, malaise, fatigue, night sweats
*patients with 2 or >2 clinical signs (typically with GL)
+ decreased no. of T-helper cells= ARC
4. AIDS = the end stage of HIV infection
• Decreased immunity + opportunistic Infections +
cancers related to AIDS
• Death due to uncontrolled / untreated infections
• TB and Kaposi Sarcoma –seen early
• Fungal infections – candida, cryptococcus
• Parasitic infections- pneumocystis
jirovecii/carinii, toxoplasma
• Viral infections – CMV, HSV, SKIN diseases