BASIC

FIRST AID
First Aid?
Is the immediate assistance or treatment
given to someone before the arrival of
medical staff/ambulance
Qualities
First Aid?of a first aider:
 Calm
 Confident
 Willing to offer assistance whenever
necessary
 Patience
First A yourself as a first aider
Protecting

Essential to protect yourself from injury and

infection
a) Ensure surroundings are safe
b) Protection from infection
- to prevent “cross infection”
( transmitting germs to a casualty or contracting
an infection yourself)
- wear gloves or wash hands before doing a
dressing.
 Aims of a first aider:

Preserve life

3Ps Prevent injuries/condition

from worsening
Promote recovery
 Preserving life:
1) Control bleeding
2) Treat probable cause of shock
3) Maintain airway in correct position
4) Perform CPR when needed
(no breathing or pulse)
Prevent condition from worsening:
3 3Ps:
Ps:
3 Ps:
1) Dress wound to prevent infection

3Ps
3Ps
2) Provide comfort to casualty
3Ps
3) Place casualty in a comfortable position
Promote recovery:
1) Relieve casualty from anxiety
2) Encourage confidence and trust
3) Attempt to relieve pain and
discomfort
4) Handle casualty gently
5) Protect casualty from cold and wet
First Aid Kit
BLEEDING
 Apply direct pressure to the
wound (at this time a direct
pressure bandage may be used)
 Elevate (do not further harm)
 Pressure Point additional
pressure may be applied to a
pressure point to help reduce
bleeding.
FIRST AID FOR SPRAINS AND STRAINS
I-C-E

I - Ice, apply a cold

pack. Do not apply ice
directly to skin.
C - Compress, use
an elastic or conforming
wrap - not too tight.
E - Elevate, above
heart level to control
internal bleeding.
CARE FOR DISLOCATIONS AND FRACTURES
I-A-C-T
I - Immobilize area. Use pillows,
jackets, blankets, etc. Stop any
movement by supporting injured area.
A - Activate Emergency Medical
Services (EMS)
C - Care for shock.
T - Treat any additional secondary
injuries.
POISONING
Assess the scene for clues and
safety.
Get victim away from poison if
necessary.
Provide care for any life
threatening conditions.
Check Material Safety Data
Sheet (MSDS).
Notify medical staff or on-call
Doctor.
Call the Poison Control Center
and 999 when necessary.
3 Types of Heat emergencies

1. Heat exhaustion
2. Heat stroke
3. Heat cramps
Heat Exhaustion

Heat exhaustion is less

dangerous than heat stroke.
It is caused by fluid loss
which in turn causes blood
flow to decrease in vital
organs, resulting in a form of
shock.
Signs and Symptoms

Cool , pale, moist skin

Headache
Heavy sweating
Dilated pupils
Nausea
Vomiting
Body temperature is nearly normal
 Get the victim out of the heat and into a cool
place.
 Place in the shock position, lying on the back
with feet raised.
 Remove or loosen clothing.
 Cool by fanning or applying cold packs or wet
towels or sheets. If conscious, give water to
drink every 15 minutes.
Heat cramps

 Heat cramps are muscular pain and

spasms due to heavy exertion. They
usually involve the abdominal muscles or
legs. It is generally thought this condition
is caused by loss of water and salt through
sweating.
 Get victim to a cool place.
 If they can tolerate it, give one-half
glass of water every 15 minutes.
 Heat cramps can usually be avoided
by increasing fluid intake when active
in hot weather.
Heat Stroke is the most serious type of
heat emergency.
It is LIFE-THREATENING and
requires
IMMEDIATE and
AGGRESSIVE treatment!
Heat stroke occurs when the body's
heat regulating mechanism fails. The
body temperature rises so high that
brain damage --and death-- may result
unless the body is cooled quickly.
Signs and Symptoms

 The victim's skin is HOT, RED and

usually DRY.
 Pupils are very small.
 The body temperature is VERY HIGH,
sometimes as high as 105 degrees.
Remember, Heat Stroke is a life-threatening
emergency and requires prompt action!

Summon professional help.

Get the victim into a cool place.

 Do not give victim
anything by mouth.
Treat for shock.
 Cool The Victim As Quickly As
Possible In Any Manner Possible!
Place the victim into a
bathtub of cool water, wrap
in wet sheets, place in an air
conditioned room.
Burns and scalds

Causes:
 burns – dry heat  scalds – wet
- fire heat
- hot objects - hot liquids
- electricity - steam
Burns and scalds

What you will see:

 redness
 swelling
 blisters
 charred skin.
Burns and scalds
What you should do: remove any jewellery

 apply a sterile
dressing or cling film
 treat the casualty for
shock if necessary
 seek medical help if
Cold running water 10 necessary.
minutes minimum.
Burns and scalds
Bee, Wasps, Scorpion & Ant
Stings
Remove the sting by scraping
sideways using blunt knife or
edge of card.
Place icepack on affected area
to reduce pain.
Apply pressure immobilisation
and seek urgent medical help.
Another method
for handling
allergy problems
is to take
medications to
suppress your
allergy
symptoms.
 References
Maverick Reyes – Castillo,RN. Basic First Aid. 2017

U.S. Mine disasters ppt files

THANK YOU!
Nurse Kitzie