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M. Tech -Irrigation and Drainage Engineering

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WIRELESS SENSOR BASED
AUTOMATIC IRRIGATION SYSTEM

Major Guide :    Dr. M.K Tiwari

College of Agricultural Engineering & Technology

Anand Agriculture University, Godhra, 389001
 Content

01 INTRODUCATION 02 OBJECTIVE

03 REVIEW OF LITRATURE 04 PLANE OF WORK

05 COLEBRTATION 06 REFERNCES
 Brief Background

Irrigation is
an essential practice in
91 % many agricultural
69% cropping systems in
semiarid and arid
69% areas, and efficient
water applications and
World
management are major
91% concerns.
Source :
http://www.fao.org India
• There is an urgent need to create systems using science and
technology for sustainable use of water.

• An automated irrigation system needs to be developed to

optimize water use for agricultural crops.(Gutierrez et al. 2014)

• Irrigation systems can be automated through information on

volumetric water content of soil, using dielectric moisture
sensors to control actuators and save water, instead of a
predetermined irrigation schedule at a particular time of the day
and with a specific duration.(Gutierrez et al. 2014)
Automatic irrigation system
An Automatic irrigation system refers to the operation of the
system with no or just a minimum of manual intervention beside
the surveillance

Atomization of system can be done using microcontroller.

Microcontroller
A microcontroller is a compact integrated circuit designed to
govern a specific operation
 Objective

01 02

To Calibrate DF Robot Soil To Develop Wireless network

Sensor for Different Soil.
of Soil moisture Sensors.

03 04

To Developer low cost sensor To Study the use of Automatic

based Automatic Irrigation Irrigation system for Maize
system. Crop.
.
 Review of literature
AGBETUYI Ayoade Felix, OROVWODE Hope. E,
2016

DESIGN AND IMPLEMENTATION OF AN AUTOMATIC IRRIGATION SYSTEM BASED ON MONITORING

SOIL MOISTURE.

Developed Automatic Irrigation system by developing own sensor. They

designed sensor by two conducting metal probes placed in wood block.
Working of Sensor was based on resistance between two probes. Whole
system was in four parts namely Power supply unit, sensing unit, controlling
unit and pumping unit. They used relay for controlling 12 V DC motor which is
attached to submersible pump. They tested system with different type of soil
and obtained time of irrigation.
 M.Prathusha, M.C.Kalaiselvi, S.Jaya Sudhaa, R.Velthai. Ms.P.Sindhuja
2016

SOLAR DRIVEN AURDINO BASED AUTOMATIC IRRIGATION USING GSM

developed Solar driver Automatic irrigation system. For controlling the

system they used Arduino board as microcontroller. As input parameter of the
system they used low cost resistive soil moisture sensor and LM35
Temperature sensor. Sensor were attached to Arduino as input device and for
controlling Solenoid value of irrigation they use relay module. GSM module
was also attached to system for sending information to the user.
 Pavankumar Naik, Arun Kumbi, Vishwanath Hiregoudar, Chaitra N K, Pavitra H K, Sushma
B S, Sushmita J H, Praveen Kuntanahal
2017

ARDUINO BASED AUTOMATIC IRRIGATION SYSTEM USING IOT

developed Automatic irrigation system using soil moisture,

temperature and Humidity sensor. They used Arduino Board as
controlling unit. For Temperature and humidity, they used DHT11
sensor and for soil moisture they used low cost resistive soil
moisture sensor. They include threshold values in the code at
which water pump will automatically start with the help of relay
module. For datalogging purpose they used Thingspeak and also
developed android app to display Realtime information.
 R.Nandhini, S.Poovizhi, Priyanka Jose, R.Ranjitha, Dr.S.Anila
2017

ARDUINO BASED SMART IRRIGATION SYSTEM USING IOT

Developed Automatic Irrigation system with soil moisture sensor

with help of Arduino. They include Soil Moisture sensor, pH sensor,
Humidity sensor, PIR sensor and pressure sensor as input
parameter. All Details were displayed in LCD and information was
made available through webpage and SMS technology. PIR sensor
was used for bird detection the field. Microcontroller was
programmed such way that at lower soil moisture water pump
switch ON automatically using relay.
 Saurabh Suman, Shanu Kumar, Ratnajeet Sarkar, Gautam Ghosh
2017

Solar Powered Automatic Irrigation System on Sensing Moisture Content

Using Arduino and GSM

developed automatic irrigation system using Arduino and GSM based on

DHT11 sensor. Components of the were Arduino Uno, GSM SIM Module,
DHT11 Humidity sensor, 12V relay, Transistor, Voltage Regulator, Solar Panel
and Battery. DHT11 sensor used for Automatic Decision making of irrigation in
extreme condition. Relay was used to operate water pump which can be turn
on by Sending SMS to the system. System also send Humidity data to the user
by SMS. They used 4V lead acid reachable battery for powering system and
Solar panel for recharging battery.
 Bishnu Deo Kumar, Prachi Srivastava, Reetika Agrawal, Vanya Tiwari
2017

MICROCONTROLLER BASED AUTOMATIC PLANT IRRIGATION SYSTEM

developed automatic irrigation system for plants using
microcontroller. Resistive soil moisture sensor, DTH11 sensor for
humidity and Lm35 temperature sensor were used as input.
Operation of the system was controlled by ATmega 328
Microcontroller. As output device Relay module for operating
water pump at predefine moisture and humidity were used. LCD
display was also attached to system for displaying information and
GSM module for wireless information sending.
 Jose O. Payero, Ali Mirzakhani Nafchi, Rebecca Davis, Ahmad Khalilian
2017

An Arduino-Based Wireless Sensor Network for Soil Moisture Monitoring

Using Decagon EC-5 Sensors.
Developed Wireless Sensor Network using Decagon EC-5 Soil Moisture Sensor and
Arduino based Microcontroller. They calibrated EC-5 Soil Sensor using manufacture
Precheck devices by making four Known VWC sample. They Converted Output
Voltage readings to VWC by Linear Equation. After Calibrating four sensor they did
Validation of sensor the field. They made four End nodes having soil sensor which
connect to one coordinator in Star Topology. Soil Moisture Values Form End Nodes
send to Coordinator. Coordinator with help of internet and Thingspeak Store data to
online server. They did Field Test of Monitoring Soil moisture in wheat field at
different depth during 13 February to 8 March 2017. Cost of End Nodes with EC-5
sensor was around 18,000 ₹ and cost of Coordinator around 7200 ₹.
 A Rajendran, S Ezhilnirai Kavinila, J Harini, V.O.Sangeethaa
2017

Automatic Irrigation on Sensing Soil Moisture Content

Developed Automatic Irrigation System using PIC (16F887) Microcontroller. They
have used Microcontroller, relay, diodes, Voltage regulator, Capacitor, resistor, led,
and Transistor. They Programmed microcontroller by C programming with Arduino
IDE software. LCD display was attached to system to display soil moisture. The
system was working in such way then soil Sensor check moisture level and when
moisture depleted threshold values system sends Message to Person. If person
respond with yes Water Pump Start Automatically. They used infiltration rate and
field capacity information of different soil from website. Sensor efficiency was around
99 % in clay, red soil and fine soil on their testing. Main purpose of system their
system was to prevent human involvement in irrigation.
 Plane of Work

1
• Measumrement of Field Soil Properties.

2 • Programming of Microcontroller board.

3
• Calibration of Soil Moisture Sensor for Diffrent type of Soil.

4
• Validation of Calibated Soil Moisture sensor.

5
• Developement of Wireless Soil Moisture Sensor Network.

6
• Development of Irrigation Contrling system.

7
• Field Testing of Irrigation scheduling.
 Measurement of Field Soil Properties.

Soil Texture

Weight of Container (g): 400.0 Weight of Container & Soil (g): 897.2
Weight of Dry Sample (g): 497.2

Diameter Mass of Sieve Mass of Sieve Soil Retained Soil Retained Soil Passing
Sieve Number
(mm) (g) & Soil (g) (g) (%) (%)
#4 4.75 512.38 538.25 25.9 5.2 94.8
#10 2.00 464.38 520.68 56.3 11.3 83.5
#20 0.85 411.99 545.41 133.4 26.8 56.6
#40 0.43 368.57 536.42 167.9 33.8 22.9
#60 0.25 528.66 593.34 64.7 13.0 9.9
#200 0.075 340.89 385.07 44.2 8.9 1.0
Pan 374.07 378.97 4.9 1.0 0.0
TOTAL: 497.2 100.0
 Soil Texture

Grain Size Distribution Curve Results:

% Gravel: 5.2 D10: Cu:
% Sand: 93.8 D30: Cc:
% Fines: 1 D60:
Soil Texture
Bulk density

Measurements of bulk density are commonly made by carefully

collecting a soil sample of known volume and then drying the
sample in an oven to determine the dry weight fraction. Then the
dry weight of the soil, Wb is divided by the known sample
volume, V, to determine bulk density, g b:
g b = Wb / V 
Field capacity

A field technique for finding field capacity involves irrigating a

test plot until the soil profile is saturated to a depth of about one
metre. Then the plot is covered to prevent evaporation. The soil
moisture is measured each 24 hours until the changes are very
small, at which point the soil moisture content is the estimate of
field capacity.
 Programming
 Arduino IDE is an open source software that is
mainly used for writing and compiling the code
Arduino IDE into the Arduino Module.

 It is easily available for operating systems like

MAC, Windows, Linux and runs on the Java
Platform that comes with inbuilt functions and
commands that play a vital role for debugging,
editing and compiling the code in the
environment.

• A range of Arduino modules available including

Arduino Uno, Arduino Mega, Arduino
Leonardo, Arduino Micro and many more
 Sensors Calibration

SOIL
SAMPLE DRY SOIL MASS MASS AND
SAMPLE SENSOR VOLTAGE JAR MASS WET SOIL + DRY SOIL BULK
NO VOLUME + CONTAINER VOLUME OF VWC
NUMBER READING READING (g) CONTAINER (g) MASS (g) DENSITY
(cm3) (g) WATER (g)
(g/cm3)

1
2
3
4
5
6
7
8
 Sensors Calibration
SENSOR
VWC VOLT
READING
800.0 0 2.47
755.0 5 2.43
701.0 10 2.26
649.0 13 2.09
590.0 15 1.90
514.0 20 1.66
450.0 25 1.54
400.0 30 1.42
360.0 35 1.28

Reference paper :
Starr, J.L., and I.C.Paltineanu. 2002. Methods for Measurement of Soil Water Content:
Capacitance Devices. p. 463-474. In J.H.Dane, and G.C.Topp (ed.) Methods of Soil Analysis: Part
4 Physical Methods. Soil Science Society of America, Inc., Soil Science Society of America, Inc.
 Validation Calibrated Sensors
30
25
R² = 0.98972602739726
20
By sensor

15
10
5
0
0 5 10 15 20 25 30
Gravimetric
Wireless Sensor Network
Field Testing of Irrigation scheduling.
Field Visit : Netafim Automatic Irrigation system –
Kasampur, Karjan
THANK YOU