The Repellency of

Cymbopogon Citratus
Stapf as 1 Solution 3
Benefits
ANGIE LOU BACOR
LOVELY FAITH UGUIL
RENSIE PALEJARO
MARY JOY BABANTO
KIM ARIES ANDOJAR
EXECUTIVE SUMMARY:
Cymbopogon citratus, Stapf (Lemon grass) is a widely used herb in tropical countries, especially in
Southeast Asia. The essential oil of the plant is used in aromatherapy. Studies indicate that
Cymbopogon citratus possesses various pharmacological activities such as anti-amoebic, antibacterial,
antidiarrheal, antifilarial, antifungal and anti-inflammatory properties. Various other effects like
antimalarial, antimutagenicity, antimycobacterial, antioxidants, hypoglycemic and neurobehaviorial have
also been studied. These results are very encouraging and indicate that this herb should be studied
more extensively to confirm these results and reveal other potential therapeutic effects. It's just it is all
about learning the way we should live and how we can develop sustainable strategies to protect the
environment. It helps individuals to develop an understanding of living and physical environment and
how to resolve challenging environmental issues affecting nature. We can use this 1 Solution for 3
benefits. Natural Bug Repellant; because of its high citral and geraniol content, lemongrass oil is known
to repel bugs such as mosquitoes and ants. This natural repellant has a mild smell and can be sprayed
directly on the skin. You can even use lemongrass oil to kill fleas; add about five drops of oil to water
and create your own spray, then apply the spray to your pet’s coat. Natural Deodorizer and Cleaner; Use
lemongrass oil as a natural and safe air freshener or deodorizer. You can add the oil to water and use it
as a mist or use an oil diffuser or vaporizer. By adding other essential oils, like lavender or tea tree oil,
you can customize your own natural fragrance. As fertilizer; In areas under fruit trees, like citrus,
lemongrass makes an attractive ground cover, reducing weeds and keeping moisture in the soil. It is
also useful when planted with tomatoes, peppers, and tomatillos, who prefer the same growing
conditions. As an added bonus, lemongrass goes well in dishes that use these fruits. In addition, people
have used lemongrass in traditional medicine for pain relief, stomach problems, and fevers.
RATIONALE:
Lemongrass is a rich source of flavonoids and phenolic compounds,
which contain antioxidants. It's also an effective antibacterial and
antifungal agent that contains anti-inflammatory and antioxidant
properties. Lemongrass contains quercetin, a flavonoid known for
having antioxidant and anti-inflammatory benefits. According to a
study conducted in 2011, around 95% mosquitos from a specific range
of species were either killed or completely repelled due to the intense
odor of lemongrass oil. In addition, Minerals in lemongrass include
calcium (3 mg), potassium (34 mg), manganese (0.2 mg), magnesium
(2.9 mg), and iron (0.4 mg). Lemongrass also provides certain vitamins
(in very small amounts) including, vitamin A, vitamin C, folate, and
niacin.In any case, citronella and lemongrass are used extensively as a
natural mosquito repellent. Both of them contain the compound
citronella that helps to mask the scents that mosquitoes rely on to
target hosts which is carbon dioxide and lactic acid.
RATIONALE:
Orange peel, which is the primary waste fraction in the production of orange juice, contains flavonoids
associated with antioxidant activity (Kanaze et al 2008). The glycosides hesperidin and naringin are
mainly responsible for the purported antioxidant activity of citrus peel extracts (Kanaze et al 2008).
Coniferin and phlorin are additional phenols in orange peels that have been found to aid in radical
scavenging when administered in the form of orange peel molasses (Manthey 2004).Data on
efficacyOrange peel extract contains citrus–derived polymethoxylated flavones that have an inhibitory
effect on TNF–α expression in horses. One study in exercising horses reported that 30 g orange peel
extract administered via nasogastric tube decreased IFN–γ expression at fatigue, and decreased the
recovery time of cardiovascular parameters as compared to control (Fig. 19.4; Streltsova et al 2006). In
a companion study, horses administered the orange peel extract one hour before exercise had
significantly lower concentrations of plasma retinol compared to the control group (Smarsh et al 2010).
Supplementation with hesperidin, a flavanone glycoside found in orange peel, may affect antioxidant
status in animals undergoing physiological challenges. In rats, hesperidin (200 mg/kg/day) for 10 days
significantly increased levels of superoxide dismutase (SOD), glutathione–S–transferase (GST), and GSH
after chemical induction of oxidative stress (Arafa et al 2009). In the same study, healthy rats given the
same amount of hesperidin had no changes in antioxidant concentrations. Naringin, another flavanone
glycoside found in citrus peel, increased levels of SOD, CAT, and vitamin E in New Zealand White rabbits
fed a high cholesterol diet compared to those without the naringin (0.5 g/kg diet) supplement (Jeon et
al 2002).Based on these studies supplementation with glycosides found in orange peel extract, may be
beneficial only when the body is under severe oxidative stress, and when supplementation is given over
time and not as a single administration. More work will need to be conducted to determine the
appropriate effective dosage for horses.
SIGNIFICANCE OF THE STUDY:
This study will be conducted for the benefit of the following:
For the Future Researchers that this could serve as a guide for
them in case they would be conducting the same study and that
this could contribute useful information to them. For the
Students in Junior and Senior High School that this
could help them understand the significance of lemongrass
and orange as a main ingredient for making insect repellent and
how safe it would be for them to use it every single day. For the
Parents/Guardians that this will serve as a guide for taking care
of their children and for keeping them safe. For the Society
that this could give them knowledge about the
importance of lemongrass as an insect repellent and to raise
awareness on how to prevent insect-borne diseases.
SCIENTIFIC BASIS:
Some of the world's most deadly diseases are carried and transmitted by mosquitoes. It is estimated
that up to a million people die every year from mosquito-borne illness with many countries around
the world ravaged by malaria, yellow fever, and dengue-hemorrhagic fever.In short, it's a
combination of weather and climate—mosquitoes are very sensitive to their environment.
Temperature and rainfall are two major predictors of mosquito abundance, and this is for a good
reason: These two factors have a massive effect on their survival and ability to reproduce. That is
why we wanted to share with you guys the repellency of Lemongrass as natural mosquito repellent.
As a student, I know that tons of questions are forming onto your head right at this moment such as
"What Bugs Does Lemongrass Repel?" "What is special about lemongrass?" or "Does lemongrass
keep mosquitoes away?"As expected, the best approach is the simultaneous use of several methods
in an integrated pest-management program. Management of adult flies is accomplished mainly with
topical insecticides, applied directly to animals. However, continued or repeated use of conventional
insecticides often results in the development of resistance and fosters serious human health and
environmental concerns.The compounds citral and geranyl acetate are found in lemongrass. Both
compounds are effective against many types of insects and the use of lemongrass oil has been
proven to be effective against mosquitoes, house flies, stable flies, fleas, ticks, lice and other
insectsConfusion may arise for many reasons. First, the response of a single mosquito species is
often used to represent all mosquito species. Second, behavioural studies usually test the effect of
repellents on mosquito attraction towards human odorants, rather than their direct repulsive effect
on mosquitoes. Third, the mosquito sensory neuron responses towards repellents are often not
directly examined.
OBJECTIVES:
These are our Objectives of having this solution:
A.GENERAL OBJECTIVE:
This solution has 3 Benefits, it can be a fertilizer, Disinfectant and Insect Repellent. We all
know that we are in a rainy season, so spreading of dengue is expected. The one of our
objective in this solution is to protect ourselves into mosquitos and other insects. The
Other one objective of having this solution is to make the plants grow healthy. We all
know that the trees in our country are slowly fading. That's why it's one of our objectives,
to make the plants healthy. The Last one is the Disinfectant, Having Disinfectant with is
essential because we're still on a pandemic. this is why the one of our objectives in this
solution is to protect and disinfectant ourselves so we can't be infected by the corona
virus.

B.SPECIFIC OBJECTIVE:
1. To get the time (minutes) using stop watch to observe the time and duration of the
effectiveness of lemon grass and orange.
2. To observe the effectiveness of lemongrass and orange solution using two candies,
one with the lemongrass solution and the other candy without the solution.
REVIEW OF LITERATURE:
The review of literature for this study focuses on the properties, benefits and effectiveness
of Lemongrass as a Natural Insect Repellent. Using Lemongrass as an insect repellent with its
pleasing aroma and overall effectiveness were evident through the related studies. The
following factors are discussed further with its relation to the study:
Foreign Literature
1.Insecticidal Properties of Lemongrass Lemongrass has insecticidal properties and the
extracted oil is used as insect repellent. Its extracted will help repel mosquitoes.
The oil of the lemongrass is extracted by steam distillation which is simply by pouring
boiling water over foliage (Cruz, 2004).From the Weed Society of Pakistan (2019),
it is stated that the components of lemongrass oil varied with where they are planned.
Hence, major constituents of lemongrass oil are citral, geranoil, mycerence, citronellal,
and limonene. According to homeguides.safegate.com, lemongrass gas large amount of
geranial and neral and small amounts of geranoil and citronellal which are used for repelling
insects. Citronella Grass (Lemongrass) are the species used for production of
citronella oil, which is used in soaps, as a mosquito repellent in insects spray sand candles,
and also in aromatherapy. The oil of Citronella has been used for over 50 years as an insect
repellent. Research has shown that citronella helps to reduce mosquito landing around 40%.
It works on insects without harming or killing them. It has a distinctive odor which may make
it difficult for some insect to locate the host (Ghosh, 2005).
REVIEW OF LITERATURE:
Local Literature
2. Benefits of Lemongrass Oil as Natural Alternative Insect Repellent As
stated by organicfacts.net, some health benefits that lemongrass oil gives
are analgesic, meaning they relieve pain. The oil is also an
anti-depressant, at the same time antibacterial.Aegis Pest Service states
that, “Unlike the DEET insect repellent spray; which can be poisonous,
lemongrass is organic and safe. It is also registered in the list of EPA-GRAS,
or what the Environmental Protection Agency considers generally safe. It
doesn’t contain any chemical substances that may irritate a sensitive skin
immediately. Another certain benefit of making lemongrass as an insect
repellent is its financial benefit, it is said that some bottle of lemongrass
insect repellent costs Php 40.00 it is highly affordable than the other
chemical insect repellent that can be brought in the market (Fernandez,
2013).
REVIEW OF LITERATURE:
Foreign Literature
3. Effectiveness of Natural Insect Repellent As said by thehealthvermont.gov, natural
insect repellents are safer than DEET components of a repellent. The benefit of natural
insect/mosquito repellent such as catnip, citronella, and lemongrass is that they can
drive insects away because of their sweet and strong smell, herbs that contain these
essential oil sand other components that the insects dislike are effective in keeping the
insects away, it is safer to say that children (that use these natural repellents) can play
in the backyard and can do activities outdoors without worrying about insect bites.
Lemongrass as an insect repellent is relatively effective, and its oil finds widespread
use on its own or in combination with other similar compounds.
Lemongrass should deter many bugs from ruining a nice night on the deck or a fun day
of playing in the backyard. Lemongrass as a mosquito repellent works, though not as
well as the strong, potentially harmful chemicals in commercial insecticides. The plant is
also effective on ants and it helps prevent ant-borne diseases like E. Coli and
Salmonella (Johnson, 2019).There are some studies that in oils like lemongrass,
lavender, peppermint, cedar, citronella, geranium and other mosquito- repellent plants
will keep insects away for between thirty minutes and two hours. Generally speaking,
these oils can be used topically without issue (George et. al., 2006).
REVIEW OF LITERATURE:
It should be noted that pure lemongrass oil can be
hazardous to humanskin. However, for safe use, you must
dilute lemongrass oil with water or evenalcohol (Aegis Pest
Services, LTC., 2018).In conclusion, lemongrass oil is really
the important component of lemongrassthat can be used as
an insect repellent. Using lemongrass as insect repellent
provideslots benefits such as health benefits and financial
benefit which is its affordability. This,for safe use,
lemongrass oil is mixed by water and alcohol. Furthermore,
these relatedstudies show the factors of lemongrass to
make an alternative insect repellent.
METHODOLOGY:
Methodology is the specific procedures or techniques used to identify, select, process, and
analyze information about a topic. In our chosen title the process would be as follows:
PEELING
First step, all we need to do is to peel the orange and then separate or set it aside.
GRINDING
Secondly, grind the orange peel and mix it with water.
ADDING
Third, add the orange juice from the remaining of the orange we used earlier so that we can
add the white vinegar.
MIXING
Next, is to add the lemon oil/lemongrass oil into the mixture.
FINALIZATION
Finally, we can add the calamansi juice and mix well.
SETTING ASIDE
Put it in a container and cover with lid or we can put it in a spray bottle for easier use.
EXPECTED OUTPUTS AND POTENTIAL
IMPACTS:
The expected outputs in this experiment is a great quality of natural insect repellent, fertilizer and disinfectant. In this experiment we focuses
more on the benefits of lemongrass as insecticide. Although we focuses more on the insecticide it still have a connection.Example of a situation,
when you spray the solution in the plants, it can act as fertilizer since lemongrass and orange has a lot of benefits that can help plants grow
healthy. It also act as disinfectant when you spray into the surroundings and it also produce natural aroma or scent which is great for relaxing.
And lastly, as we spray the solution into the plants and our surroundings, it also repells the mosquitos and insect since they find the odor
offensive.
Positive and Negative Potential Impact of having a Natural Insect Repellent:
Positive:
An insect repellent will help protect you from mosquitoes that spread malaria and other diseases, such as dengue, chikungunya, and Yellow
fever. You can use an insect repellent on your skin and clothes to keep away (repel) insects.Also, a natural oil insect repellent is not only
effective at driving away bugs. They also contain antibacterial, antiseptic, anti-inflammatory, and anti-fungal properties. There's plenty you can
get out of them.
Negative:
The insect repellent DEET keeps insects away, but it wears off with sweat and can cause health problems in sensitive people, including rashes,
skin and mucous membrane irritation, dizziness, headaches, disorientation, and nausea.Potential Impact of having a natural disinfectant:
Negative:
these disinfectant sprays would have on humans and the environment. According to numerous studies, exposure to most frequently used
disinfectant compounds, viz. quats, sodium hypochlorite, hydrogen peroxide, alcohol and glutaraldehyde, led to an increased risk of chronic
obstructive pulmonary disease (COPD), asthma and eye irritation on health workers and individuals when used regularly Potential Impact of
having a natural fertilizer:
Positive:
Sustainable and Environmentally FriendlySynthetic fertilizers runoff into our waterways harming marine life and water quality. Organic fertilizers
do not run off as easily (if at all) and are associated with soil structure. According to the Organic Trade Association, organic fertilizer also
increases species biodiversity by 30% compared with synthetic fertilizer.Negative:However, the use of excess fertilizer can result in a number of
problems, such as nutrient loss, surface water and groundwater contamination, soil acidification or basification, reductions in useful microbial
communities, and increased sensitivity to harmful insects
 WORK PLAN AND TARGET
DELIVERABLES:
STRATEGIES
1. PLANNING
THIS IS A COLLABORATIVE ACT OF
PARTNERSHIP WITH DIFFERENT STUDENTS
IN ABUYOD NATIONAL HIGHSCHOOLS.
2. GATHERING INFORMATIONS
COLLECTING ACCURATE INFORMATIONS
WHICH ARE ORANGE, LEMONGRASS,
WHITE VINEGAR AND OTHER DETAILS.
3. AID THE CURRENT ISSUES
THIS STRATEGIES PROVIDE THE PRODUCT 1
SOLUTION AND 3 BENEFITS IN HELPING TO
AID THE COMMUNITY ISSUES.
OBJECTIVES PERSON INVOLVE TIME FRAME
1. Make a solution about the current issues 1.) Angie Lou Bacor 1.) In the span of 2 weeks
we are facing in the community.
Lovely Faith Uguil
2. Have a right and true information
presented in the research. Paul Rensie Palejaro
3. To avoid the increase in cases of dengue, Kim Aries Andojar
disease caused by germs and help the
plants become more healthy. Mary Joy Babanto
2.) Panelist
3.) The community's people
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