The viewing pipeline and

viewing coordinate reference

frame
 Submitted by: Devansh Khokhar 2K20/CO/141
 Submitted to: Khushboo Chhikara
 Window
• Area selected in world-coordinate for display is called
window.
 Viewport
• Area on a display device in which window image is
display (mapped) is called viewport.
 Viewing pipeline

• The general processing steps for converting modeling

coordinates to device coordinates is Viewing Pipeline
 Viewing pipeline (1)
• Construct the shape of individual objects in a scene
within modeling coordinate, and place the objects into
appropriate positions within the scene (world
coordinate) using modeling coordinate transformation.
 Viewing pipeline (2)

• We convert viewing coordinates from world coordinates

using window to viewport transformation.
 Viewing pipeline (3)
• We map viewing coordinate to normalized
viewing coordinate in which we obtain values in
between 0 to 1.
 Viewing pipeline (4)
• At last we convert normalized viewing coordinate to
device coordinate using device driver software which
provide device specification.
 2D Viewing pipeline 1

World: Clipping window Screen: Viewport

ywma yvma
x x

ywmi yvmi
n
n
xwmi xwma xvmi xvma

Clipping window: Viewport:

What do we want to see? Where do we want to see it?
 2D Viewing pipeline 2

World:Clipping window Screen: Viewport

ywma yvma

ywmi yvmi

xwmi xwma xvmi xvma

Clipping window:
Panning…
 2D Viewing pipeline 2

World: Clipping window Screen: Viewport

ywma yvma
x

ywmi yvmi
n
xwmi xwma xvmi xvma

Clipping window:
Panning…
 2D Viewing pipeline 3

World: Clipping window Screen: Viewport

ywma yvma

ywmi yvmi

xwmi xwma xvmi xvma

Clipping window:
Zooming…
 2D Viewing pipeline 3

World: Clipping window Screen: Viewport

ywma
yvma

yvmi
ywmi
xwmi xvmi xvma
xwma

Clipping window:
Zooming…
Viewing-Coordinate Reference Frame
• This coordinate system provides the reference frame for
specifying the world- coordinate window. We set up the viewing
coordinate system using transformations between coordinate
system.

Translation Rotation