ROORKEE COLLEGE OF

ENGINEERING

PRESENTATION ON
AURDINO BASED VEHICLE ACCIDENT ALERTING SYSTEM
SUBMITTED BY :- B.TECH FINAL
YEAR(EEE)

LAVI PADHALNI ABHISHEK DEO SAKET VATS SHUBHAM

JHA

SUBMITTED TO :-
 ASSISTANT PROF. MS NISHA DHIIMAN(HOD OF EEE/ECE DEPT.)
 UTTARAKHAND TECHNICAL UNIVERSITY
 ALL THE CONCERN AUTHORITY
TABLE OF CONTENTS
 INTRODUCTION
 COMPONENTS REQUIRED
 GPS MODULE AND WORKING
 ACCELEROMETER
 CIRCUIT EXPLANATION
 WORKING EXPLANATION
 PROGRAMMING CONCEPTS
 CONCLUSION
 ACKNOWLEDGEMENT
 INTRODUCTION
 Here in this project, we are going to build a
Arduino based vehicle accident alert system
using GPS, GSM and accelerometer.
Accelerometer detects the sudden change in the
axes of vehicle and GSM module sends the alert
message on your Mobile Phone with the location
of the accident. Location of accident is sent in the
form of Google Map link, derived from the
latitude and longitude from GPS module. The
Message also contains the speed of vehicle in
knots.
COMPONENTS REQUIRED
 AURDINO UNO
 GSM MODULE
 GPS MODULE
 ACCELEROMETER
 16*2 LCD
 POWER SUPPLY
 CONNECTING WIRES
 10 K-POT
 BREADBOARD OR PCB
 POWER SUPPLY 12V 1 amp
 AURDINO UNO
 Arduino UNO Pinout
 If you are working on some project and you want to use
this Arduino UNO board then you should know about its
Pinout.
 Arduino UNO has 20 input/output pins.
 Among these 20 pins, we have 14 digital pins.
 The remaining 6 pins are analogue pins.
 It also has 6 PWM pins which are used for Pulse Width
Modulation.
 Arduino UNO supports follow 3 communication
protocols:
 Serial Protocol
 I2C Protocol
 SPI Protocol
Arduino UNO Memory Features
Memories are of main concern while selecting a microcontroller for your project.
 It has a flash memory of 32Kb.
 Arduino UNO has SRAM of 2KB.
 EEPROM memory of UNO is 1Kb.
 Bootloader of 2Kb is installed so we are left with 30kb Flash memory.
GSM MODULE (SIM900A)
 This means the module supports
communication in 900MHz band. We are from
India and most of the mobile network
providers in this country operate in the
900Mhz band.
 SIM 900A delivers GSM/GPRS 900/1800
MHz performance for voice , sms , data , and
fax in a small form of factor and with low
power consumption.
 The program has two objectives as described
below:-
 1) Send SMS using Arduino and GSM Module
– to a specified mobile number inside the
program
 2) Receive SMS using Arduino and GSM
Module – to the SIM card loaded in the GSM
Module.
GPS MODULE (SIM28ML)

 Here a SIMCom SIM28ML GPS Module

is using to receive the GPS data. Using
the module the received data can be
displayed directly on any serial
terminals. Hyper terminal, putty,
Arduino serial monitor, etc. can be used
to display the data.
 ACCELEROMETER (ADXL335)
 This Accelerometer module is based on the popular
ADXL335 three-axis analog accelerometer IC, which
reads off the X, Y and Z acceleration as analog
voltages. By measuring the amount of acceleration due
to gravity, an accelerometer can figure out the angle it
is tilted at with respect to the earth. By sensing the
amount of dynamic acceleration, the accelerometer can
find out how fast and in what direction the device is
moving. Using these two properties, you can make all
sorts of cool projects, from musical instruments
(imagine playing and having the tilt connected to the
distortion level or the pitch-bend) to a velocity monitor
on your car (or your children’s car). The accelerometer
is very easy interface to an Arduino Micro-controller
using 3 analog input pins, and can be used with most
other micro controllers, such as the PIC or AVR.
 16*2 LCD
 Generating custom characters on LCD is not very hard. It
requires the knowledge about custom generated random
access memory (CG-RAM) of LCD and the
LCD chip controller. Most LCDs contain Hitachi HD4478
controller. CG-RAM is the main component in making
custom characters. It stores the custom characters once
declared in the code. CG-RAM size is 64 byte providing the
option of creating eight characters at a time. Each
character is eight byte in size.
 CG-RAM address starts from 0x40 (Hexadecimal) or 64 in
decimal. We can generate custom characters at these
addresses. Once we generate our characters at these
addresses, now we can print them on the LCD at any time
by just sending simple commands to the LCD. Character
addresses and printing commands are below
 POWER SUPPLY
 A power supply is a component that supplies power to at least one electric load. Typically, it
converts one type of electrical power to another, but it may also convert a a different form of
energy – such as solar, mechanical, or chemical - into electrical energy.
 A power supply provides components with electric power. The term usually pertains to devices
integrated within the component being powered. For example, computer power supplies
convert AC current to DC current and are generally located at the rear of the computer case,
along with at least one fan.
 A power supply is also known as a power supply unit, power brick or power adapter
CONNECTING WIRES

 Connecting wires allows an electrical current to travel from one point on a circuit to
another, because electricity needs a medium through which to move. ... Most wires in
computers and electronic components are made of copper or aluminum. Copper is
cheap and electrically conductive.
10 K-POT

 The potentiometer essentially functions as a variable voltage divider. The resistive

element can be seen as two resistors in series(potentiometer resistance), where the
wiper position determines the resistance ratio of the first resistor to the second
resistor.
BREADBOARD OR PCB

 A breadboard is a solderless device for temporary prototype with electronics and test
circuit designs. Most electronic components in electronic circuits can be
interconnected by inserting their leads or terminals into the holes and then making
connections through wires where appropriate. The breadboard has strips of metal
underneath the board and connect the holes on the top of the board. The metal strips
are laid out as shown below. Note that the top and bottom rows of holes are connected
horizontally and split in the middle while the remaining holes are connected
vertically.
POWER SUPPLY 12V 1 amp
 A power supply is a component that supplies power to
at least one electric load. Typically, it converts one type
of electrical power to another, but it may also convert a
a different form of energy – such as solar, mechanical,
or chemical - into electrical energy.
 A power supply provides components with electric
power. The term usually pertains to devices integrated
within the component being powered. For example,
computer power supplies convert AC current to DC
current and are generally located at the rear of the
computer case, along with at least one fan.
 A power supply is also known as a power supply unit,
power brick or power adapter.
 GPS MODULE AND WORKING
 GPS stands for Global Positioning System and used to detect
the Latitude and Longitude of any location on the Earth,
with exact UTC time (Universal Time Coordinated). GPS
module is used to track the location of accident in our
project. This device receives the coordinates from the
satellite for each and every second, with time and date.
 GPS module sends the data related to tracking position in
real time, and it sends so many data in NMEA format (see
the screenshot below). NMEA format consists several
sentences, in which we only need one sentence. This sentence
starts from $GPGGA and contains the coordinates, time and
other useful information. This GPGGA is referred to Global
Positioning System Fix Data. Know more about 
NMEA sentences and reading GPS data here.
 We can extract coordinate from $GPGGA string by counting
the commas in the string. Suppose you find $GPGGA string
and stores it in an array, then Latitude can be found after
two commas and Longitude can be found after four commas.
Now, this latitude and longitude can be put in other arrays.
Below is the $GPGGA String, along with its description:
$GPGGA,104534.000,7791.0381,N,06727.4434,E,1,08,0.9,510.4,M,43.9,M,,*47
$GPGGA,HHMMSS.SSS,latitude,N,longitude,E,FQ,NOS,HDP,altitude,M,height,M,,checksum data

Identifier Description
$GPGGA Global Positioning system fix data
Time in hour minute seconds and
HHMMSS.SSS
milliseconds format.
Latitude Latitude (Coordinate)
N Direction N=North, S=South
Longitude Longitude(Coordinate)
E Direction E= East, W=West
FQ Fix Quality Data
NOS No. of Satellites being Used
HDP Horizontal Dilution of Precision
Altitude (meters above from sea
Altitude
level)
M Meter
Height Height
Checksum Checksum Data
ACCELEROMETER

 An accelerometer is an electromechanical device used to measure acceleration forces.

Such forces may be static, like the continuous force of gravity or, as is the case with
many mobile devices, dynamic to sense movement or vibrations. Acceleration is the
measurement of the change in velocity, or speed divided by time.
CIRCUIT EXPLANATION

 Circuit Connections of this Vehicle Accident Alert System Project is simple. Here Tx pin of GPS module is directly
connected to digital pin number 10 of Arduino. By using Software Serial Library here, we have allowed serial
communication on pin 10 and 11, and made them Rx and Tx respectively and left the Rx pin of GPS Module open.
By default Pin 0 and 1 of Arduino are used for serial communication but by using the SoftwareSerial library, we can
allow serial communication on other digital pins of the Arduino. 12 Volt supply is used to power the GPS Module.
 GSM module’s Tx and Rx pins of are directly connected to pin D2 and D3 of Arduino. For GSM interfacing, here we
have also used software serial library. GSM module is also powered by 12v supply. An optional LCD’s data pins D4,
D5, D6, and D7 are connected to pin number 6, 7, 8, and 9 of Arduino. Command pin RS and EN of LCD are
connected with pin number 4 and 5 of Arduino and RW pin is directly connected with ground. A Potentiometer is
also used for setting contrast or brightness of LCD.
 An Accelerometer is added in this system for detecting an accident and its x,y, and z-axis ADC output pins are
directly connected to Arduino ADC pin A1, A2, and A3.
WORKING EXPLANATION

 In this project, Arduino is used for controlling whole the process with a GPS Receiver
and GSM module. GPS Receiver is used for detecting coordinates of the vehicle, GSM
module is used for sending the alert SMS with the coordinates and the link to Google
Map. Accelerometer namely ADXL335 is used for detecting accident or sudden
change in any axis. And an optional 16x2 LCD is also used for displaying status
messages or coordinates. We have used GPS Module SIM28ML and GSM Module
SIM900A.
CONTINUE…
 When we are ready with our hardware after programming, we can install it in our
vehicle and power it up. Now whenever there is an accident, the car gets tilt and
accelerometer changes his axis values. These values read by Arduino and checks if
any change occurs in any axis. If any change occurs then Arduino reads coordinates
by extracting $GPGGA String from GPS module data (GPS working explained
above) and send SMS to the predefined number to the police or ambulance or family
member with the location coordinates of accident place. The message also contains a
Google Map link to the accident location, so that location can be easily tracked. When
we receive the message then we only need to click the link and we will redirect to the
Google map and then we can see the exact location of the vehicle. Speed of Vehicle, in
knots (1.852 KPH), is also sent in the SMS and displayed on the LCD panel. Check
the full Demo Video below the Project.
PROGRAMMING CONCEPTS

Complete Program has been given below in Code section; here we are
explaining its various functions in brief.
First we have included all the required libraries or headers files and
declared various variables for calculations and storing data temporary.
 
After this, we have created a function void initModule(String cmd, char
*res, int t) to initialize the GSM module and checking its response using AT
commands.
void initModule(String cmd, char *res, int t)
{
while(1)
{ Serial.println(cmd);
Serial1.println(cmd);
delay(100);
while(Serial1.available()>0)
{ if(Serial1.find(res))
{ Serial.println(res);
delay(t);
return;
}
else
{
Serial.println("Error");
}

} delay(t);
}
}
CONCLUSION

 Arduino Based Vehicle Accident Alert System using GPS, GSM and Accelerometer.
Accelerometer detects the sudden change in the axes of vehicle and GSM module send
the alert message on your Mobile Phone with the location of the accident. The
advancing technology has made our day to day lives easier.
ACKNOWLEDGEMENT

We are highly indebted to our project

mentor,
MS.Nisha Dhiman
(HOD EEE/ECE Dept.) for
her continuous
support,supervision,motivation and
guidance throughout the tenure of our
project inspite of her hectic schedule.

Also we would like to acknowledge our deep gratitude towards :-

 Ms. Priyanka Rana
 Ms. Shalini Tripathi
 Mr. Saurabh verma
 THANKING YOU ALL !

ROORKEE COLLEGE OF ENGINEERING ,

ROORKEE