Properties of Matter

GENERAL CHEMISTRY I
KIRT ALLEN G. FLORIDA
Special Science Teacher I
Learning Objectives:

 1. Use properties of matter to identify substances

and to separate them (STEM_GC11MPIa-b-5)
 2. Explain the Different Properties of Matter
 3. Differentiate Physical and Chemical
Properties of Matter
Properties of Matter

 theobservable characteristics, traits, or

qualities of matter.
 There are two major classifications of the
properties of matter. These are; (1) physical
property of matter and (2 ) chemical
property of matter. Furthermore, the
physical properties of matter can still be
classified into 2 groups. These are; (1)
intensive physical property and (2)
extensive physical property
Physical Property

 refersto the characteristic or trait of matter that can be

observed and measured without changing its chemical
composition.
 Physical properties of matter can be also classified in two
(2) types:
a. Intensive properties
b. Extensive Properties:
Intensive Physical Properties

 physical property that will be the same regardless of the amount of matter.

Color Conductivity Malleability

Luster
Extensive Physical Properties

 A physical property that will change if the amount of matter changes.

Volume Length
Mass
Chemical Property

 This is the characteristic or trait that can be observed when a matter reacts to another
substance.

Flammability Oxidation
Learning Objectives:

 1.Identify Common Chemical Formula of Chemical

Substances
 2.Differentiate Physical and Chemical Properties of
Matter
 3. Identify useful Consumer Products in different fields
Chemical Formula of Common
Chemical Substances and Consumer
Products
GENERAL CHEMISTRY I
KIRT ALLEN G. FLORIDA
Special Science Teacher I
Chemical Formula

 Chemical describes as compound or substance while formula

refers to the symbolic expression.
 Therefore, a chemical formula is representational expression of
a compound or substance. It is also described as shorthand of
expressing the types and the number of atoms in a substance.
 For example, CO2 is the chemical formula of a substance
known as carbon dioxide as shown below.
 Consumer Products

Some
Consumer Chemical Level of
Use Cost
Product Components Safeness
(Chemical Formula)

-Glycerine -Generally, very

(C3H8O3) - Cure skin affordable
-Sodium hydroxide infection - Generally, price (non
Bath Soap (NaOH) - Improve safe (External branded) but
-Titanium dioxide (TiO2) personal use only) some are
- Triclosan hygiene costly if its
(C12H7C13O2) branded.
Methods of Separating Components
of Mixtures and Substances
GENERAL CHEMISTRY I
KIRT ALLEN G. FLORIDA
Special Science Teacher I
 Methods of Separating Components of
Mixtures and Compounds

 the method of separating components of mixtures is a procedure or process of

segregating or moving the constituent or part of a substance which is made up of two
or more pure substances.
Filtration

 Filtration can be described as the process of separating the insoluble solid from
the liquid substance by allowing the liquid to pass through a permeable material
called filtering agent.
Decantation

 a method used to separate the liquid layer known as

supernatant and a heavy insoluble solid known as
precipitate by allowing the said solid to settle at the bottom
of the container then the liquid above the solid is poured off
carefully into another container.
Mechanical Separation

 involves the use of

sieves, forceps, sieves,
magnet, and other tools
to separate the
components of
mixtures.
Centrifugation

 Centrifugation is the process that uses a device known as centrifuge that speeds up
the settling of the precipitate using centrifugal or rotating motion.
Distillation

 process that includes the

evaporation and
condensation of a liquid
solvent from a mixture or
solution.
Chromatography

 process uses the change

in the degrees to which
substances are absorbed
on the surface of an
inert substance such as
a filter paper.
Electrolysis

 chemical
decomposition or
breakdown produced
by passing an electric
current through a
liquid or solution
containing ions.
Common Isotopes and Their Uses
GENERAL CHEMISTRY I
KIRT ALLEN G. FLORIDA
Special Science Teacher I
Isotopes

 derived from Greek words isos and topos which means “the
same place”.
 Isotopes are two or more types of atoms that have the same
atomic number (number of protons in their nuclei) and position
in the periodic table (and hence belong to the same chemical
element), and that differ in nucleon numbers (mass numbers)
due to different numbers of neutrons in their nuclei.
 This term was introduced by a British Chemist Frederick
Soddy.
Nature of Isotopes

 To identify a specific isotope of an element,

write the name of the element followed by a
hyphen and the mass number of the isotope.
Isotopes of oxygen are presented below.
 Oxygen -16 for the isotope with mass
number of 16
 Oxygen-17 for the isotope with mass number
of 17
 Oxygen-18 for the isotope with mass number
of 18
 Calculating Isotopes

I S O TO P E MASS ATO M I P E RC E N TA G R E L AT I V
 multiply the mass number of NUMBER C MASS E E
ATO M I C
each isotope by its percentage A B U N D AN C E
M AS S
abundance in decimal form. Chlorine- 35 34.969 75.53% 35.45
Then add these amounts 35
together to find the relative
Chlorine- 37 36.966 24.47%  
atomic mass. 37
SAMPLE PROBLEM

 Copperexists as a mixture of two isotopes. Copper-63 is 69.17%

abundant and it has a mass of 62.9296 amu. Copper-65 is 30.83%
abundant and it has a mass of 64.9278 amu. Calculate the atomic
mass of copper.

 am= (62.9296 x 0.6917) + (64.9278 x 0.3083) = 43.5284 + 20.0172

= 63.5556 amu
 Important Isotopes Isotope Use/s
Sodium-24 Injected into limb to detect blood clot
Cobalt-60 Detect and Treat Cancer/ use to kill
bacteria
Iodine-131 Detect functions of Thyroid Gland
Phosphorous-32 Added to fertilizer to study plant
processes
USES OF Nitrogen-15 Added to fertilizer to study plant
processes
ISOTOPES Cesium-137 Use to kill bacteria
Flourine-18 Use for diagnosis and treatment of
diseases
Gallium-67 Use for diagnosis and treatment of
diseases
Carbon-14 Carbon dating Process
   
Writing and Naming the Chemical
Formula of Compounds
GENERAL CHEMISTRY I
KIRT ALLEN G. FLORIDA
Special Science Teacher I
Chemical Formula, Chemical Name and Structural Formula

 Chemical formula as a symbolic

expression of a compound or substance.
 Chemical name is the scientific name
given to a chemical in accordance with
the nomenclature system developed by
the International Union of Pure and
Applied Chemistry.
 Structural formula is a graphical
representation of the molecular
structure showing how the atoms are
possibly arranged in the real three-
dimensional space.
Compound

 is made up of two or more atoms joined together by a chemical bond.

 Compounds may be classified into two based from the nature of the atoms that
make up them, and the type of intramolecular bond that exist between atoms.
Ionic compound

 formed between a metal atom and a nonmetal atom, and the type of intramolecular bond
exist between atoms is ionic bond due to the presence of ionic charges.
Naming Ionic compound

 Step 1 (Atoms involved) Sodium and Chlorine

 Step 2 (Chemical symbol) Na + Cl
 Step 3 (Formed Ion) Na+1 + Cl-1
 Step 4 (Criss-cross multiply the charges)

 Step 5 (Remove the plus sign to determine the chemical formula) Na1Cl1 or NaCl
Naming Ionic compound

 Step 1 (Chemical name involved) - Sodium and Chlorine

 Step 2 (Change the last 4, 3 or 2 Letters of the name of nonmetal element into -ide)
 - Sodium and Chloride
 Step 3 (Remove the word and then combined the two words) - Sodium chloride
Covalent compound

 formed between two or more nonmetal atoms, and the type of intramolecular bond that
exist between atoms is covalent bond.
Naming Covalent compound

 Step 1 (Atoms involved) - Carbon and Chlorine

 Step 2 (Chemical symbol) - C + Cl
 Step 3 (Number of atoms)) -1+4
Greek Prefixes

 Step 4 (Combined the chemical Symbol and

number of atoms) - C1 Cl4
 Step 5 (Remove the plus sign to determine the
chemical formula) - C1Cl4 or CCl4
  
Naming Covalent compound

 Step 1 (Chemical name involved) - Carbon and Chlorine

 Step 2(Determine the Greek prefix) - none and tetra
 Step 3 (Remove the word and then combined Greek prefix and change the last 4, 3 or 2 Letters of
the name of last nonmetal element into -ide) - Carbon tetrachloride