PETROGRAFI

BATUAN SEDIMEN KLASTIK

R. Heryanto
 Textures
Geometrical aspects of the component particles of the rocks,
including size, Shape, and arrangement.

Grain Size
Grain Shape
Grain Contact
Sorting
Maturity
Grain Shape
Two-dimensional particle images showing definitions for the radii of individual corners (r1, r2, and etc.)
and the maximum inscribed circle (R) (Krumbein, 1940 in Friedman, et al., 1992).
Grain Contact
Sorting
Maturity
Detrital Grains
 Mono crystalline Quartz

Normal quartz (Scholle, 1979) Volcanic (b) quartz (Scholle, 1979)

Semi composite quartz grain

Quartz with strongly undulose extinction Slightly undulose (Scholle, 1979)
(Scholle, 1979)

Volcanic glass shards

(Scholle, 1979)
Quartz with needle-shape mineral (sillimanite) inclusions Quartz with abundant vacuoles (Adams et al., 1984)
(Scholle, 1979)

Quartz sub-parallel line of very small bubblesmwhich termed Quartz with very abundant vacuoles and semi composite extinction
as “Boehm lamellae” (Scholle, 1979) (Scholle, 1979)
 Poly crystalline (composite) Quartz

Q
Q
Q Q

Q Q

1 2
Composite quartz grain (Q) 1. parallel nicol . 2. crossed nicol (Adams et al., 1984)

Q
Q

Composite quartz grain (Q). Elongated crystals quartz indicate metamorphic quartz.
 Feldspar : Plagioclase

P P

1 2
Plagioclase (P) 1. Parallell nicol. 2. Crossed nicol which shows carlsbad – albit twinning
 Microcline

M M

1 2
Microcline (M) 1. Parallell nicol. 2. Crossed nicol which shows cross – hatched twinning
 Perthite & Orthoclace

P P

1 2

Perthit (P) 1. Parallell nicol. 2. Crossed nicol

O O

1 2

Orthoclase (O) 1. Parallell nicol. 2. Crossed nicol

Rock Fragments
Rock Fragments
Detrital Volcanic Fragments
Detrital Chert Fragments
Mica, Epidote & Tourmaline

Mica

Epidote Tourmaline
Glauconite
Sandstone Classification

Folk (1968)
Sandstone Classification

Dott (1964)
Quartz Arenite

Subliarenite
Arkose
Litarenite
Greywacke
Siltstone
Provenance
 D
Q

Q Q

Q
Q

Thin section microphotograph of the sandstone which shows a sedimetary

rock fragment (D) and several quartz grains (Q). Sample No. 06ED04B
(X nicol).
 M
I

Thin section microphotograph of the sandstone which shows a metamorphic

Fragment (M) and igneous rock fragment (I). Sample No. 06ED25 (X nicol).
 V

Thin section microphotograph of the sandstone which shows a volcanic

rock fragment (V). Sample No. 06ED20 (X nicol)
•DIAGENESIS

Kompaksi
Pembentukan Mineral Autigenik
Disolusi / Pelarutan
 •Diagenesis
COMPACTION : Long grain contact fabric
Grain Deformation (mica flakes)

SECONDARY POROSITY : Dissolution of feldspar

Dissolution of volcanic fragments
Dissolution of clay matrix
 M

Thin section microphotograph of the sandstone which shows

a long grain contact fabric and a deformation of mica flakes (M).
Samole No. 06ED40B (X nicol).
 M

Pembengkokan butiran mika (M) akibat kompaksi. Pada sayatan 05RH 54A.
 V

Butiran fragmen volkanik (V) yang relatif lebih lunak dengan kontak cekung dibanding
dengan butiran kuarsa (K) yang relatif lebih keras dengan kontak cembung.
Pada sayatan 05RH106A
Pembentukan Mineral
Autigenik
 Q Qo

Qo Q

Qo
Qo
Q Q

Thin section microphotograph of the sandstone which shows a quartz

overgrowth (Qo) on quartz grain (Q). Sample No. 06ED04B (X nicol).
A B C D E F G H I J K L

Q 7

6
K
5
Q Qo
Qo
4
Q
3

SEM microphotograph of the sandstone which shows a quartz

overgrowth (Qo) on quartz grain (Q). Sample No. 06ED40B.
 A B C D E F G H I J K L

9
Sm
8

K 5

SEM microphotograph which shows an authigenic clay minerals

such as kaolinite (K) and smectite (SM)
 A B C D E F G H I J K L

SEM microphotograph which shows an authigenic zeolite mineral

(fibre texture) as a mordenite. Sample No. 06ED24A
 Q

Lm Q

Ch
Ch

Mikrofoto SEM Contoh batuan 05 RH 100B, dari batupasir litik, memperlihatkan mineral
authigenik chlorite (Ch), laumontit (Lm) dan kuarsa (Q) .
 Ap
Ch

Ap
Ch
Ch

Ap

Ch
Ch
Ap

Mikrofoto SEM cotoh batuan 05 RH 101G, dari matriks batupasir, terdiri atas autigenik chlorites (Ch),
dan apatite (Ap).

.
 K K

S
K

K S
K

Mikrofoto SEM contoh batuan 05RH56A, batupasir, menunjukan autigenik

mineral kaolinite vermiculite (K) and smectite (S).

 I

I
I

Mikrofoto SEM contoh batuan 05RH55C, batupasir menunjukakan fragmen volkanik (V), dikelilingi
oleh mineral autigenik lempung jenis ilit (I).
Q

Q
Q

Mikro foto sayatan pipih contoh batuan 05RH53A, batupasir yang menunjukan butiran kuarsa (Q)
yang telah mengalami proses pertumbuhan (overgrowth) .
Disolusi / Pelarutan
 V

Thin section microphotograph of the sandstone which shows secondary

porosity of volcanic fragment (V). Sample No, 06UM03C (X nicol)
 A B C D E F G H I J K L

F 8
K
7

P K 6

I 5

3
K K
I 2

SEM microphotograph of the sandstone which shows a secondary

Porosity (P), as a product of the dissolution of Feldspar (F), surounding
By kaolinite (K) and illite (I). Sample No. 06ED24B.
 P Sm RF Sm
P
Sm
Sm F Q

K
P
Q RF
Q Q

RF Q
Sm
K

Mikrofoto SEM contoh batuan 05 RH 77, batupasir berbutir sedang-kasar, tersusun kuarsa(Q),
fragmen batuan (RF), feldspar (F), matriksterdiri dari mineral autigenik smectite (Sm), kaolinite
(K), dan pore (P)
 P

Mikrofoto SEM contoh batuan 05 RH 74A, menunjukan matriks dari batupasir yang terdiri dari authigenik
kaolinit yng memperlihatkan tekstur buku; porositas sekunder yang merupakan disolusi dari matriks (P).
 Ch

Ap
Ch

P Ch
Ap

Ch

Mikrofoto SEM contoh batuan 05 RH 1 08 B, batupasir lithic yang memperlihatkan porositas

sekundar (P) yang dihasikan oleh pelarutan/disolusi dari fragmen volkanik dan diikuti oleh
pembentukan mineral autigenik chlorite (Ch) dan apatite crystals (AP). .
 05RH74A 05RH99A

• 05RH108A 05SY28E
Mikrofoto sayatan pipih yang menunjukan porositas sekunder, berupa disolusi dari komponen dan matriks
dan juga kekar pada batupasir Formasi Lemau.
Mikrofoto SEM contoh batuan RH 85K, dan titik analisis EDX yang menunjukan mineral lempung
autigenik chlorite ; adanya komponen “C” mengindikasikan bahwa batuan ini telah diisi oleh
material hidrokarbon ;
• Klasifikasi Tingkat Diagenesa menurut Helmod and van de Kamp, (1984).
Hubungan antara tingkat diagenesis dengan kedalaman timbunan menurut Burley drr.(1987)
 KESIMPULAN
• Dengan mempelajari petrografi batupasir kita dapat
mengetahui komposisii batupasir, proses pengendapan
batupasir, provenans batupasir dan diagenesis batu pasir.

• Dengan mengetahui diagenesis batupasir kita dapat

mengetahui kualitas batuan resevoir, baik yang meningkat
kualitas ataupun yang mengurangi kualitas.