Analogies

A definition…
An analogy is a comparison between two
things, and the comparison is used to
determine the relationship between different
sets of things.
Bark is to dog as meow is to cat.
Analogies test your ability to:

• Recognize the relationship between

the words in a word pair

• Recognize when two-word pairs

display equal relationships
To complete an analogy you
must be able to:

• Select the answer containing words

related to one another in most nearly the
same way
 Analogies look like this:

Up: Down ::Over: Under

Analogies sound like this:

Up is to Down as Over is to Under
 Analogy types:

• Synonyms/antonyms
• Part to Whole or Whole to Part
• Function/Use, Worker/Tool, Doer/Action
• Category/Type
 Analogy types:

• Degree (size or intensity)

• Grammatical Relationship or
Spelling
• Cause to effect (or effect to cause)
• Object to function
 Synonyms:

Infant: Baby::Grown-Up: ______?

Infant: Baby::Grown-Up: Adult

 Antonyms:

Big: Small::Full:_______?

Big: Small::Full: Empty

 Part to Whole:

Wheel: Car::Branch:_______?

Wheel: Car::Branch: Tree

 Function/Use
(Object/ Function):

Truck: Transport::Oven:______?

Truck: Transport::Oven: bake

 Category/Type:

Apple: Fruit::Carrot:_______?

Apple: Fruit::Carrot: Vegetable

Degree (size/intensity):

Warm: Hot::Cool:______?

Warm: Hot::Cool: Frigid

 Cause-Effect:

Sliver: Pain::Heat:__________

Sliver: Pain::Heat: Boil

 Sequence:

Early: late :: dawn : _________

Early : late :: dawn : twilight

 Can you identify the
relationship?

1. PLATOON:SOLDIER a) Synonyms or antonyms

b) Part to whole
2. HOT:SCALDING c) Category/Type
3. STARVATION:BINGING d) Cause-effect (or effect to
4. GILLS:BREATHING cause)
5. PERSUASIVE:CONVINCIN e) Degree (size or intensity)
G f) Function/Use
(Object/function)
6. SOCCER:SPORT
 Can you identify the
relationship?
b
1. PLATOON:SOLDIER a) Synonyms or antonyms
e
2. HOT:SCALDING b) Part to whole
a
3. STARVATION:BINGING c) Category/Type
d) Cause-effect (or effect to
f
4. GILLS:BREATHING cause)
a
5. PERSUASIVE:CONVINCIN e) Degree (size or intensity)
c G f) Function/Use
6. SOCCER:SPORT (Object/function)
 Helpful Hints:

1. Determine relationship between the words

in the given pair

antonyms? synonyms?sequence?
degree?
cause-effect? function? category?
 Helpful Hints:

2. Choose the answer that has a

similar relationship and can be
expressed in a similar manner
 Example

APPLE : FRUIT ::
A. Salad : Mix
B. Orange: Banana
C. Juice : Can
D. Slice : Core
E. Butterfly: Insect
 Example
APPLE : FRUIT ::
A. Salad : Mix
B. Orange: Banana
C. Juice : Can
D. Slice : Core
E. Butterfly: Insect
 Example
PEN : WRITE ::
A. Pencil : Sharpen
B. Ink : Blue
C. Letter : Compose
D. Knife : Cut
E. Mistake : Erase
 Example
PEN : WRITE ::
A. Pencil : Sharpen
B. Ink : Blue
C. Letter : Compose
D.Knife : Cut
E. Mistake : Erase
 Helpful Hints
• Pay attention to
• the order of the words in the pair
• the parts of speech

• Remember –
• single word can have different
meanings
• read all possible answers before
deciding on the best answer
 Practice
Large : Big::
A. Remember : Forget
B. Triumph: Success
C. Nostril : Smell
D. Audio : Hear
 Practice
Large : Big::
A. Remember : Forget
B. Triumph: Success
C. Nostril : Smell
D. Audio : Hear
 Practice
Bat : Hitter
A. Score: Win
B. Walk : Run
C. Mars : Venus
D. Stick : Hockey Player
 Practice
Bat : Hitter
A. Score: Win
B. Walk : Run
C. Mars : Venus
D. Stick : Hockey Player
 Practice
Come : Came::
A. Walk : Walking
B. Ride : Rode
C. Left : Arrived
D. Did : Had Done
 Practice
Come : Came::
A. Walk : Walking
B. Ride : Rode
C. Left : Arrived
D. Did : Had Done
finger : hand :: petal :
fly : airplane :: : car
poet : poem :: baker :
deer : fast :: : slow
Ring : finger :: : neck
carrot : vegetable :: cat :
ship : ocean :: bus :
bird : beak :: humans :
chocolate : sweet :: ampalaya :
frog : hop :: : fly
 Guidelines to solve analogies
decide upon the relationship between first 2 words
state the relationship - car is to tire
because___________
examine thepoet : poem
third :: baker
word :pie)
– chair
select a fourth word that will make the third-fourth
word have the same relationship as the first-
second word
be ready to explain your fourth word selection
Car is to tire as chair is to ______.
 QUIZ

Directions: Supply the word/s that best

express a relationship similar to that
of the original pair.
1. On : off :: start : __________

2. Nail : finger :: hair : _________

3. Eye : see :: ear :: ____________.

4. Fast : deer :: slow : _________.

5. Milk : cow :: egg : _________.

6. Arrive : leave :: : death

7. lion : animal :: : flower

8. Wife : woman :: :: man

9. fish : fin :: : wings

10. Strawberry : red :: : yellow