SENSOR TECHNOLOGY

PRESENTATION
NAME: AARYAN MORE
ROLL NO.: PA59
BRANCH: ROBOTICS AND AUTOMATION
DIVISION: 1
TYRE PRESSURE MONITORING
SYSTEM
CONTENTS

• Introduction
• Why TPMS
• Types of TPMS
• Benefits of TPMS
INTRODUCTION

• Tire-Pressure Monitoring System (TPMS) monitors the air pressure inside the
pneumatic tires on vehicles.
• The purpose of the Tire Pressure Monitoring System (TPMS) in vehicle is to
warn that at least one or more tires are significantly under-inflated, possibly
creating unsafe driving conditions.
• A TPMS reports real-time tire-pressure information to the driver, using either a
gauge, a pictogram display, or a simple low-pressure warning light.
WHY TPMS

• The goal of a TPMS is avoiding traffic accidents, poor fuel economy, and
increased tire wear due to under-inflated tires through early recognition of a
hazardous state of the tires.
• The dynamic behavior of a pneumatic tire is closely connected to its inflation
pressure. Key factors like braking distance and lateral stability require the
inflation pressures to be adjusted and kept as specified by the vehicle
manufacturer.
• Extreme under-inflation can even lead to thermal and mechanical overload
caused by overheating and subsequent, sudden destruction of the tire itself.
Additionally, fuel efficiency and tire wear are severely affected by under-
inflation.
TYPES OF TPMS

1. INDIRECT TPMS
• Indirect TPMS (iTPMS) systems do not use physical pressure sensors; they measure
air pressures using software-based systems, which by evaluating and combining
existing sensor signals such as wheel speeds, accelerometers, and driveline data to
estimate and monitor the tire pressure without physical pressure sensors in the wheels.
• These sensors measure the rate of revolution each wheel is making and by this
interpret the relative size of the tires on your vehicle. When a wheel starts spinning
faster than expected, the computer calculates that the tire is underinflated and alert the
driver accordingly.
• It is based on the principle that under-inflated tires have a slightly smaller diameter
(and hence higher angular velocity) than a correctly inflated one.
- Advantages of Indirect TPMS
• Disadvantages
i. May become inaccurate if you purchase a bigger or smaller tire
ii. May be unreliable when tires are unevenly worn
iii. Must be reset after properly inflating every tire
iv. Must be reset after routine tire rotation
2. DIRECT TPMS
• Direct TPMS uses pressure monitoring sensors within each tire
that monitor specific pressure levels.
• Sensors in a direct TPMS may even provide tire temperature
readings.
• The direct tire pressure monitoring system sends all of this data to a centralized
control module where it’s analyzed, interpreted, and, if tire pressure is lower
than it should be, transmitted directly to your dashboard where the indicator
light illuminates.
- Advantages of Direct TPMS
• Disadvantages
i. More expensive overall than an indirect TPMS
ii. Though simple, resynchronization may require costly tools
iii. Battery rarely serviceable; if the battery is drained, the whole sensor must be
changed
iv. Sensors are susceptible to damage during mounting/demounting
BENEFITS OF TPMS

• Fuel savings: According to the GITI, for every 10% of under-inflation on each tire
on a vehicle, a 1% reduction in fuel economy will occur. In the United States alone,
the Department of Transportation estimates that under inflated tires waste 2 billion
US gallons (7,600,000 m3) of fuel each year.
• Extended tire life: Under inflated tires are the number one cause of tire failure and
contribute to tire disintegration, heat buildup, ply separation and sidewall/casing
breakdowns.
• Improved safety: Under-inflated tires lead to tread separation and tire failure,
resulting in 40,000 accidents, 33,000 injuries and over 650 deaths per year. Further,
tires properly inflated add greater stability, handling and braking efficiencies and
provide greater safety for the driver, the vehicle, the loads and others on the road.
• Environmental efficiency: Under-inflated tires, as estimated by the US
Department of Transportation, release over 26 billion kilograms (57.5 billion
pounds) of unnecessary carbon-monoxide pollutants into the atmosphere each
year in the United States alone.
THANK YOU