Dosen : Ryobi Irfanto, S.T., M.T.

Metoda Penelitian
Tek. Sipil – FTIK UKRIDA
2020

Data dan Sampling (1)

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 Definisi Data

• data/da·ta/ n 1 keterangan yang benar dan nyata: pengumpulan --

untuk memperoleh keterangan tentang kehidupan
petani; 2 keterangan atau bahan nyata yang dapat dijadikan dasar
kajian (analisis atau kesimpulan);

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 Definisi Informasi
• informasi/in·for·ma·si/ n 1 penerangan; 2 pemberitahuan; kabar
atau berita tentang sesuatu; 3 keseluruhan makna yang menunjang
amanat yang terlihat dalam bagian-bagian amanat itu;

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Sumber: Wardoyo. Metode Riset (2-7)

 Data dan Informasi
• Data adalah sesuatu yang belum mempunyai arti bagi penerimanya
dan masih memerlukan adanya suatu pengolahan. 
• Informasi adalah data yang disimpan, diproses, atau ditransmisikan
yang memiliki nilai tertentu, dan bisa digunakan untuk menambah
pengetahuan bagi yang menerimanya.

Input Proses Output

Data Proses Informasi

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 Data Collection Process
Preliminary Sample
Planning Design

Questioner Pilot Survey

Design Survey Administration

Coding Editing

Presentation
Results

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 Definition of sampling

Procedure by which some members

of a given population are selected as representatives
of the entire population

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 Why do we use sampling?

Get information from large populations with:

• Reduced costs
• Reduced field time
• Increased accuracy
• Enhanced methods

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 Sampling
(select)
Population Sample

(estimate)
Parameter Statistic
true proportion sample proportion
true mean sample mean
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 Sampling Error
• Random difference between sample and population
from which sample drawn
• Size of error can be measured in probability samples
• Expressed as “standard error”
• of mean, proportion…
• Standard error (or precision) depends upon:
• Size of the sample
• Distribution of character of interest in population

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Sumber: Wardoyo. Metode Riset (2-7)

 Sampling Errors
• This is not an "error" in the sense of making a
mistake. Rather, it is a measure of the possible range
of approximation in the results because a sample was
used
• Interviews with a representative sample of 1,000
adults can accurately reflect the opinions of nearly ~2
million adults
• This range of possible results is called the error due to
sampling, often called the Margin Of Error (MOE)

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 Survey errors

• Systematic error (or bias)

Sample not typical of population
• Inaccurate response (information bias)
• Selection bias

• Sampling error (random error)

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 Representativeness (validity)
A sample should accurately reflect distribution of
relevant variable in population

• Person e.g. age, sex

• Place e.g. urban vs. rural
• Time e.g. seasonality

Representativeness essential to
generalise
Ensure representativeness before
starting,
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Confirm once completed
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 Sampling and representativeness

Target Population  Sampling Population  Sample

Sampling
Population
Sample

Target Population

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 Types of Total survey
error
Survey Error
Random Systematic
sampling error
error

Sample
Measurement design error
error
Surrogate
Processing information
error error Selection
Frame error
error
Interviewer
Response error
error Population
Instrument specification
Nonresponse error
bias bias
 Quality of a sampling estimate

Precision No precision Precision but

& validity no validity

Random Systematic
error error (bias)

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Sumber: Wardoyo. Metode Riset (2-7)

 Sample Accuracy
• Sample accuracy: refers to how close a random sample’s
statistic (e.g. mean, variance, proportion) is to the
population’s value it represents (mean, variance, proportion)

• Important points:
• Sample size is NOT related to representativeness … you
could sample 20,000 persons walking by a street corner
and the results would still not represent the city; however,
an n of 100 could be “right on.”

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 Sample Accuracy

• Important points:
• Sample size, however, IS related to accuracy. How close
the sample statistic is to the actual population parameter
(e.g. sample mean vs. population mean) is a function of
sample size.

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Sumber: Wardoyo. Metode Riset (2-7)

Thank You
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