Planning techniques and tools

and their applications

• Change is constant and that the business environment as well is
dynamic and ever changing.
• Although plans are ready at the onset ,there are situations and
conditions that would require a manager or the organization as a whole
to come up with solutions and actions to counter its effect or impact to
the operations of the firm.
• PLANNING TECHNIQUES AND TOOLS
WHICH WILL AID IN THE COMING UP
DECISIONS WHEN APPROPRIATELY
APPLIED:
1.FORECASTING
• Forecasting involves making predictions and assumptions of future
things to happen based on data and information seen or presented.
• These may only serve as aids in planning and should be used carefully.
• Opinions of experts in various fields of finance and economics may be
used in QUALITATIVE FORECASTING while mathematical
computations,statistical analysis of research findings and survey
results may be used in QUANTITATIVE FORECASTING.
CONTINGENCY PLANNING
• It is being done in anticipation of changing conditions and unforeseen
events.
• Managers must prepare this plan to be geared up in cases when things
don`t work as they should.
SCENARIO PLANNING
• It is being done for the organization to be more flexible and ready by
making necessary modifications in their operations and strategies.
• Future state of affairs that may have a direct impact on the
organization in the long run must be identified and be well-prepared
for as well as alternative courses of action must be on hand ready for
implementation when changes and challenges confront the firm.
EXAMPLES THAT MAY AFFECT THE
OPERATIONS ARE;
• HUMAN RIGHTS
• LABOR LAW VIOLATIONS
• FORCE MAJEURE LIKE CLIMATE CHANGE
• EARTHQUAKES
• WEATHER DISTURBANCE THAT BRING ABOUT DAMAGE TO
COMMUNITIES
• WIDESPREAD HEALTH THREATS LIKE THE RECENT COVID-
19 PANDEMIC
BENCHMARKING
• There will be instances where the organization would
feel the need to introduce new ideas to improve its
performance most especially in moments when it
seems to be slow moving or experiencing a plateau or
a flattening of the growth curve.
EXTERNAL BENCHMARKING
-sometimes, the organization would realize that it lacks the necessary
technology or needs an upgrade of what it already has.
INTERNAL BENCHMARKING
-may also be done by sharing of best prices as a way to encourage
various departments or individuals and endeavor to improve by learning
how others have performed so well.
PARTICIPATORY PLANNING
• Involves individuals who will be doing the plan,those who will
implement, and parties or individuals who will be affected by the plan
and its implementation.
• This is widely used nowadays as this technique has been proven to
increase understanding and acceptance of the plans, the plans are more
creative, and the success rate of the plan, program of project is higher.
• Beneficiaries or those affected are more commited to the plan and the
entire process.
What can I do
• Given a chance to visit another school,what three practices would you
like to observe and learn from there that you think you have not seen
or practiced in your own school. Copy the table on a separate sheet of
paper and fill out with your answer.
 What can I do!!

Practices I would like to observe and Reason(s) why I would like our school to have or practice it
learn from other schools
THANKYOU!!!