Nothing enters the mind except through the senses Aquinas

Senses
Special
Taste Smell Vision Hearing Balance

General
Visceral Somatic

Senses
 

Sense is the ability to perceive stimuli Sensation is the conscious awareness of stimuli Requirements:
  

Stimulus Receptors Pathways

Receptors


 

 

Structures necessary for impulse generation Are sensory nerve endings Responds to stimuli by developing impulses (action potential) Specific for a stimulus Distributed both for special & general senses

Types of Receptors
  

Exteroceptors Interoceptors Proprioceptors

Exteroceptors


One of the peripheral end organs of the afferent nerves in the skin or mucous membrane, membrane, which respond to stimulation by external agents. agents.

Interoceptors


One of the various forms of small sensory end organs (receptors) situated within the receptors) walls of the respiratory and gastrointestinal tracts or in other viscera. viscera.

Proprioceptors


Specialized mechanoreceptors located in the muscles, tendons, joints and, vestibular apparatus of the inner ear

Proprioceptors
   

muscle spindles golgi tendon organs joint receptors vestibular apparatus

Receptors
    

Mechanoreceptors Chemoreceptors Photoreceptors Thermoreceptors Nociceptors

Cutaneous Receptors
    

Meissners Corpuscles - touch Pacinian Corpuscles pressure Ruffini s Corpuscles - stretch Krause End Bulbs - temperature Free Nerve Endings movement

Pain Impulses
  

Reception Conduction Autonomic Responses



Gate Control Theory

Types of Pain
Location
   

Nature


Somatic Referred Visceral Phantom Limb

Sharp
 

Pricking Cutting Burning Aching

Diffuse
 

The EYE: Internal & External Structure

   

Appendages Extrinsic muscles Walls of the eyeball Refractory media

Appendages


Eyebrows


Protects the eye from irritants

Eyelids
 

Holds the eye lashes Contains 3 kinds of glands

Meibomian Glands  Glands of Zeis  Moll s Glands


Appendages


Conjunctiva Lacrimal Apparatus



Consists of Lacrimal glands that produces tears

Extrinsic Eye Muscles



Rectus Muscle Superior, inferior, medial, lateral Oblique muscles- Superior, Inferiror muscles-

Walls of the Eye Ball

1. Fibrous Tunics 2. Vascular Tunics Iris Sclera and Cornea Choroid, Cilliary Body,

3. Nervous Tunics - Retina

Fibrous Tunics


Sclera


Helps maintain the size and shape of the eye

Cornea


Transparent substance that permits light to enter the eye

Vascular Tunics


Choroid


Thin structure consisting of vascular network and melanin containing pigment. Refracting and focusing light towards the retina Controls lens thickness Regulates the lens focused through the lens onto the retina

Lens


Cillary Body
 

Vascular Tunics


Iris


A contractile structure consisting mainly of smooth muscle Controls the amount of light that enters the pupil.

Nervous Tunics


Retina
 

Outer Pigmented Retina Sensory Retina

Physiology of Vision

The EAR: Internal & External Structures



Divided into 3 major areas:



External Ear Middle Ear Inner Ear

Physiology of Hearing

The Tongue
 

Contains Taste Buds Have 5 major taste sensation

    

Sweet Sour Bitter Salty Umami

Structures of the Nose

Thank You &God Bless

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