内部公开▲

SDR Basic Theories

Intended audience: Staff with Skill Certificate Level III or Lower

Released by GU Product Support Dept.
 Internal Use▲

Version Introduction
Versi Date Author Checked Amendment Record
on by
V1.0 2010-12-5 Wu Zhiliang

References:
 Internal Use▲

Course Objectives:
To master the structure of SDR base station
To understand the SDR modules
To understand the special features of SDR
To master the interfaces between BBU and RU/RRU
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Contents

Basic Concepts of SDR

Structure of SDR Base Station
BBU
RU/RRU
Interfaces between BBU and RU/RRU
Special Functions of SDR Base Station
 Internal Use▲

What is SDR (1)

 The software radio technologies defined by the SDR forum are
classified into five levels: HR, SCR, SDR, ISR and USR.
 HR—— hardware radio Tier0. For example, the traditional
single-mode base station.
 SCR——software choose radio
Feature: Single-mode base transceiver stations of different
modes can be placed together, but they are integrated in terms
of software.
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What is SDR (2)

 SDR- Software Defined Radio: it means the software can be used to
select a demodulation mode, broadband signals or narrowband
signals. ZTE ZDR base station series leads the technologies in the
industry.
 Feature: Different radio modes can share hardware, including RF front
end, ADC/DAC and base band processing.
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What is SDR(3)
 ISR——Ideal software radio
Features: 1) get rid of the analog RF front end; 2) the whole system
can be controlled by programming except the antenna.
 USR——Ultimate software radio
Features: 1) it has the function of the ISR; 2) the controlling software
should be standardized. Switch between different radio modes can be
finished within milliseconds.
 The ISR cannot be widely used because the technology is not mature.
 Internal Use▲

What is SDR(4)
 SDR and cognitive radio
 Cognitive radio is an
important technology of
USR. It can perceive the
surroundings, and adjust the
wireless bandwidth and de-
modulation mode
accordingly.
 Internal Use▲

Contents

Basic Concepts of SDR

Structure of SDR Base Station
BBU
RU/RRU
Interfaces between BBU and RU/RRU
Special Functions of SDR Base Station
SDR technologies trigger the transformation of base
Internal Use▲

station structure
 Significant feature of SDR – software defines radio modes

1 The RF front end processes signals of

multiple radio modes

SDR technology 2 Baseband processes signals of multiple

– the system supports radio modes
multiple radio modes
3 Software integration to unify software
versions
The market drives the base station structure to
Internal Use▲

transform

A B
Green base Cost-
station effective

BS
Structure
C D
Wireless Full
integration, compatibility
IP technology
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Structure of ZTE SDR base station

 Support the distributed structure of BBU and RRU. For traditional base
stations, BBU and RRU should be in the same module.
 Multi-mode base band pool BBU
 Multi-mode RF platform
 Adopt IP technology to process internal data stream of the base
station
 OMC platform——OMCR and OMCB
 Unified software platform

The distributed structure of BBU and RRU and R&D on a unified

platform are the core of the SDR base stations. The new structure
meets the demand and technology required by the market.
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Structure of Traditional Macro Base Station

Structure of Macro BS

TRM1
C A
TRM2
ANT
M E
TRM3
B M

TRM18

PDM ETM FCM

The structure of traditional indoor macro base station

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SDR Product Structure

 The BBU and RRU/RU are seperated.

RRU/RU ANT

BBU baseband pool

Multi-
Fiber
carrier PA
Transceiver Duplex
Resource
control board Front end of Rx

BBU
220VAC
External power PWS
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SDR Product Structure

 Distributed base station: RF is distributed remotely
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SDR Product Structure

 Macro base station: BBU and RU are all in the cabinet, which is
different from the distributed base station in structure.
Advantage1 of SDR Structure – Separated Internal Use▲

BBU and RRU

 In this mode, both BBU and RRU and
maximize their efficiency. BBU can achieve
the maximum integration, and RRU can
focus on the power of itself.
 The networking is flexible if the RRU is
distributed remotely. For example, it can
support multi-carrier and indoor distributed
coverage.
 BBU and RRU can be distributed flexibly,
which benefit for compatibility design.
Advantage2 of SDR Structure – Baseband Internal Use▲

Hardware Platform
 Support multiple radio modes (GU)
 Simple design
 Powerful processing capability
 Easy to manage
 Easy to share resources
 Cut cost
 Easy for evolution of baseband technologies
Advantage3 of SDR Structure – Independent Internal Use▲

RF Unit
 Simplified functions
 Improved reliability, easy for maintenance
 Improved the efficiency of the power amplifier
 Optimized heat design, easy for integration
 Closer to antenna, hence bigger power
 Flexible forms of RU/RRU products
 Help to reduce the size and weight of base stations
 Cost-effective
Advantage4 of SDR Structure – Unified Interface Internal Use▲

of BBU and RU/RRU

 The interface between BBU and RU/RRU is the exclusive
interface for communication between BBU and RU/RRU .
 The interface between BBU and RU/RRU supports such radio
modes as GSM, WCDMA, TD-SCDMA, etc.
 Support fiber interface and electrical interface
 Support 1.2288Gbps and 2.4576Gbps rate
 Support both star-type and link-type networking between BBU
and RU/RRU
 Support RU/RRU cascade connection
 RRU can be distributed remotely. BBU should keep 40 km away
from RRU.
 GERAN evolvement has been taken into consideration in the
design of the interface between BBU and RU/RRU.
 Internal Use▲

ZTE GSM SDR Base Station Series (1)

Distributed base station – BS8700
 BS8700 consists of B8200 and R8860
 B8200 – powerful BBU, supporting 60 GSM carriers, and both GSM and
WCDMA
 R8860 – dual mode RRU, broadband transceiver
It supports GSM single-mode 6-carrier, or WCDMA single-mode 3-
sector, or supports both radio modes at the same time.

RF
CPRI

Um 口
Optical MS
ZXSDR BBU fiber
ZXSDR RRU
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ZTE GSM SDR Base Station Series (2)

BS8800 – Indoor SDR macro base station
 BBU – baseband unit; as B8200, BS8800 can at most contain two
BBUs.
 RU02 – radio unit of GSM; supports two GSM carriers; BS8800 cabinet
can contain 6 RU02 modules; its transmission power is 20W/40W.
 RU60 – GU dual mode RF unit. The core part is the same with that of
R8860. It supports 6 GSM carriers or 3 UMTS cells or GU dual-mode
configuration. Cabinet-top transmitting power is 60W.
 RU80 – GU dual mode RU unit. It is an upgraded version based on
RU60. Cabinet-top transmitting power is 80W.
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ZTE GSM SDR Base Station Series (3)

BS8800 – Indoor SDR macro base station
 BS8800 is developed on ZTE’s unified platform. The rack includes the
physical cabinet, PDM unit and FAN unit.
 BBU and the RU modules all adopt － 48V DC power supply.
 All of the RU modules have the same size and outline.
 The fan rotation speed can be adjusted by the software according to
different heat discharge requirements for different RU modules, thus to
lower down noises and achieve energy efficient.
 BS8800 has been used in the products of the three radio modes, such
as GSM, CDMA and UMTS.
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ZTE GSM SDR Base Station Series (4)

BS8900A – Outdoor SDR macro base station
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New Networking Mode1 of SDR Base Station

BTS/NodeB
RU

MS
MS
......
BBU
RU BSC
...... /RNC
MS
MS
Core
RRU
Network

MS
MS ...... BSC
BBU /RNC
RRU
......

Baseband － RF Abis/Iub
UM A/Iu
Air interface interface
CPRI
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New Networking Mode2 of SDR Base Station

Fiber

GE/FE

ATM
R8860

RNC

NetNumen
Iub Iu-x

Switch iBSC

CN

Iub/Abis Abis A/Gb

B8200
RNC + iBSC
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Software Architecture of SDR Base Station

 Separated control plane and user plane
 Separated OMCR and OMCB
 Separated platform software and service software
 GSM and UMTS are supported together.
 Baseband pool – flexibly allocates the corresponding relation
between the baseband processing unit and RF processing unit.
 IP Abis interface, with SDR supporting IPoverE1, GE/FE, IP
protocol stack, VLAN.
Software Architecture of SDR Base Station – Internal Use▲

BBU Software (1)

 Processes the protocols of user plane and control plane.
 Completes the site configuration.
 Downloads and saves versions from the upper-level NE.
 Collects, processes and reports the alarms.
 Processes the UL/DL baseband data.
 Configures and monitors RU.
Software Architecture of SDR Base Station – Internal Use▲

BBU Software (2)

Service (G
SM) Service (W
CDMA)

SCS O
AM D
BS BRS BRACS
LM
T

O
SS

O
M C-B Sche Timer M
oni CPP Excep M
em BBX File D
BG

VO
S

V
xWorks
W
IND
OWS
HARD
W ARE(BSP)
Software Architecture of SDR Base Station –
Internal Use▲

RU Software
 Status management
 Version management
 Fault management
 Configuration management
 Test management
 Power measurement
 LMT
Software Architecture of SDR Base Station –
Internal Use▲

OMC Software (1)

OMCB OMCR

RNC BSC

SDR
Software Architecture of SDR Base Station – Internal Use▲

OMC Software (2)

 OMCB is an operation and maintenance unit to manage NodeB in
3GPP. ZTE’s SDR base stations support both radio modes of GSM
and WCDMA. Connection mode of the traditional base station: OMCR-
>BSC->BTS; Connection mode of the SDR: OMCB->BTS, OMCR-
>BSC->BTS.
 According to the management mode of WCDMA, the board
management, configuration, software downloading and alarms are all
managed by OMCB. In case of the dual-mode, operation and
maintenance tasks of GSM are moved to OMCB, and OMCR manages
GSM related radio configuration and status management.
Software Architecture of SDR Base Station – Internal Use▲

OMC Software (3)

 OMCR is connected to BTS through BSC, regardless the link status
between BSC and BTS. OMCR sends data to BSC, who then
synchronizes the data to BTS.
 OMCB is different from OMCR. OMCB interacts with SDR through IP
links. The interaction between OMCB and SDR may pass or not pass
through BSC/RNC. OMCB and SDR confirm data transmission only, and
BSC/RNC needs not to make confirmation. Physically, OMCB can
interact with SDR through IP routes provided by BSC/RNC.
 For dual-mode sites, some OMCB connects with BSC, and some OMCB
connects with RNC. BSC/RNC then connects with SDR through IP
transmission.
Software Architecture of SDR Base Station – Internal Use▲

OMC Software (4)

 OMCB and OMCR can share the same server or board, but they are
two different programs and there is no direct interaction between them.
Hence, it is necessary to guarantee data consistent manually.
Theoretically, the basic board information is configured on OMCB, and
the logic information is configured on OMCR. If data are inconsistent
between them, we will take the data on OMCB as the reference data.
 The main control board of the SDR will keep a copy of all configuration
data of the OMCB. Hence, the data takes effect directly when the SDR
starts, without direct interaction between the SDR and OMCB. Then,
the SDR creates a link to BSC and requests for radio parameters, and
BSC sends the data except configuration information of OMCB to the
SDR. Thus, a complete data configuration table is generated. That is a
theoretic process. In practice, it is necessary to modify the data
configuration. For example, modify radio parameters for expansion
projects. Data configuration of OMCB should be compatible with that
of OMCR, otherwise, the SDR cannot respond correctly.
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Control Plane of SDR Platform

 Abis interface: connect to iBSC by FE or E1
 FE: direct transmission by IP directly. The protocol stack is shown in
the below figure on the left.
 E1: transmission by IP Over E1. The protocol stack is shown in the
below figure on the right.

SCTP SCTP

IP IP

ETH PPP

MAC HDLC
 Internal Use▲

Media Plane of SDR Platform

 The media plane supports transmission by the RTP protocol

 The UBPG of SDR and the BIPB of iBSC process RTP data of the
user plane.
 CC is responsible for forwarding messages inside the BBU and over
the Abis interface.

CC
RTP
RRU FS UBPG iBSC

Forwarding
 Internal Use▲

Contents

Basic Concepts of SDR

Structure of SDR Base Station
BBU
RU/RRU
Interfaces between BBU and RU/RRU
Special Functions of SDR Base Station
 Internal Use▲

Hardware – Structure
 Cabinet
- 19 inch
- 2U
 Flexible installation mode
- Mounted on the wall
independently
- 19 inch standard cabinet
- Installed in the Hub cabinet
- Installed in the outdoor
cabinet
 Internal Use▲

Hardware – Boards
 Control and clock module (CC)
 Fabric switching module (FS)
 Site alarm module (SA)
 Baseband processing board (BPC/UBPG)
 Fan array module (FA)
 Power module (PM)
 Backplane board (BB)
 Internal Use▲

Hardware – Interfaces
 E1 : maximum 8 E1 、 T1
 GE : 2 , 1 is optical/electronical, 1 is electronical
 CPRI : 6 ports for 1 FS board, maximum 12 ports
 GPS : 1

CPRI GPS

E1 GE GE
 Internal Use▲

Hardware Function Module – CC(1)

 Integrate such functions as main control, clock, switching and the Iub/Abis
interface
 Physically, the CC does not provide the E1/T1 interface. It connects E1/T1 to
the SA through the backplane of BBU, and the SA provides the E1/T1
interface.
 Support the master/slave mode
 Full IP transmission
 CC0: It supports internal or external GPS, clock cascaded connection, and 16
E1 links. It does not support 2MBits clock.
 CC2: It does not support internal or external GPS and clock cascaded
connection. It supports 2MBits clock and 8 E1 links.
 Internal Use▲

Hardware Function Module – FS(1)

 It supports the master/slave mode and the load sharing function.
 The slot for FS is also compatible for the baseband board.
 6 1.25G CPRI optical ports, which support 24TRX (GSM) or 4CS
(WCDMA) each.
 It does not support master/slave switchover.
 For GU dual mode N+6×M<=24 (N represents number of TRXs, and M
represents number of CSs)
 Internal Use▲

Hardware Function Module – SA/SE

 Environment monitoring module
 Fan monitor
 SA: support 8 channels of E1/T1 signals, 1 RS232 serial port or
1 RS485 interface, 6 input dry contact alarm, and 2 double-
directional dry contact alarm
 SE: support 6 input dry contact alarm, and 2 double-directional
dry contact alarm (installed at Slot5 on BBU)
 Internal Use▲

Hardware Function Module – UBPG

 GSM baseband processing module
 Responsible for baseband modulation. Downlink: processing up
to 12 carriers, speed adaption, channel coding and interleaving,
encryption; producing TDMA burst pulse, GMSK/8PSK
modulation; outputting IQ baseband digital signals; sending
power and frequency control information to RRU for processing.
 Responsible for baseband modulation. Uplink: process up to 12
carriers; after receiving IQ baseband data from RRU, perform
diversity combination for the receiver, digital demodulation
(GMSK and 8PSK demodulation, balance), decryption, de-
interleaving, channel decoding and speed adaption, and then
sends to the CC board through the Ethernet port.
 Internal Use▲

Hardware Function Module – FA

 Fan monitoring module
 Power supply, rotation control and status report
 LEDs on the fan subrack
 Internal Use▲

Hardware Function Module – PM

 A single PM provides 16 12V-power supply, which can meet the
power supply requirement of B8200 in full configuration.
 Two PMs working in master/slave mode
 Internal Use▲

Diagram of FS IQ switching

RU1, channel 1

RU1, channel 2
Channel 1
RU1, channel 3
U
U B RU1, channel 4
F
B P
S RU1, channel 5
P G
G 2 RU1, channel 6
1 Channel 2

RU1, channel 1

RU1, channel 2

RU1, channel 3

RU1, channel 4
BBU Software – Service Software & Platform Internal Use▲

Software

Service (G
SM) Service (W
CDMA)

SC
S OAM D
BS B
RS B
RACS
L
M T

O
SS

O
M C
-B Sche Timer Moni CPP Excep Mem B
BX File D
BG

V
OS

V
xWorks
W
IND
OWS
HARDWARE(B
SP)

BBU Configuration Rules
Board
Power module (PM)
Site alarm module (SA)
Control and clock module (CC)
Fabric switch module (FS)
Universal baseband
processing board for GSM
(UBPG)
Baseband processing board
type C (BPC)
Fan array module (FA)
Site alarm extension board
(SE)
Internal Use▲
Configurations
1 PM is configured by default. Decide whether it is necessary to
configure 2 PMs according to the requirement for reliability and cost.
1 SA is configured by default.
1 CC is configured by default. Select either CC0 or CC2 according to
the clock and E1. Decide whether it is necessary to configure 2 CCs
according to the requirement for reliability and cost.
Generally, 1 FS is configured, and 2 FSs at most. The quantity
depends on site configuration.
The quantity depends on site configuration.
The slots are compatible for both the BPC and the UBPG.
The quantity depends on site configuration.
The slots are compatible for both the BPC and the UBPG.
1 FA only is configured
Optional, which depends on the quantity of dry contacts.
It is inserted at Slot 5.
 Internal Use▲

Contents

Basic Concepts of SDR

Structure of SDR Base Station
BBU
RU/RRU
Interfaces between BBU and RU/RRU
Special Functions of SDR Base Station
 Internal Use▲

Multi-carrier RU/RRU (1)

 RU/RRU uses multi-carrier technology. IT
performs signal synthesis for multiple carriers. It
uses only one set of boards and PA, and one
set of antenna system. RU60 supports signal
synthesis for 6 carriers.
 The RU/RRU module has only two external
antenna ports. It supports single-transmitting
and double receiving generally. If the cell has
over 6 carriers, one port should be reserved to
connect the other RU.
 RU/RRU adopts broadband transceiver and
broadband power amplifier.
 Internal Use▲

Multi-carrier RU/RRU (2)

 RU/RRU is responsible for functions of the
baseband RF interface and the Uu/Um interface.
 RU/RRU is responsible for access and radio link
transmission of UE/MS through the Uu/Um
interface, including RF processing,
modulation/demodulation, measurement and report,
power control, receiving diversity, correction,
synchronization, etc.
 It connects to BBU through the optical interface by
the CPRI protocol. It implements the following
functions through the optical interface, such as IQ
data transmission, measurement report, RF function
configuration, clock synchronization, etc.
 Internal Use▲

Multi-carrier RU/RRU (3)

Common RRU models:
 R8840: 2100M UMTS single mode; cabinet-top transmitting
power: 60w, supporting 4CS (actually, 3CSs are configured to
meet the requirement of 20w/CS.)
 R8860E: support 850M/900MGU dual-mode or 1800M/1900M
single mode. Cabinet top: 80w (GMSK); support 24TRX or 4CS
or 2W+2G or 1W+4G
 R8880A: 2100M UMTS single mode; cabinet-top output power:
2×60w; support MIMO (2T2R) and 4CS
 R8882: support 900M GU dual-mode and 1800M GSM single-
mode; cabinet-top transmitting power: 2×60w; support MIMO
(2T2R)
 Internal Use▲

Multi-carrier RU/RRU (4)

 R8840: support -48VDC 、 110VAC 、 220VAC
 R8860E: support -48VDC; not support AC power supply
 R8880A: support -48VDC; not support AC power supply
 R8882: support -48VDC; not support AC power supply
 Internal Use▲

RU/RRU Configuration Rules

 RRU supports at most 4-level cascade connection. In practice,
however, it is suggested to adopt only 2-level cascaded connection
in networking.
 For RRUs in cascaded connection, there is no limit to the position,
sequence, frequency band, and radio mode.
 RRUs of different bands share neither antennas nor feeders.
 If a backbone physical site (iron tower) is installed with over 3 sets of
RRU, it is necessary to configure 1 BBU nearby the iron tower.
 If a backbone physical site (iron tower) is installed with both R8840
and R8860, it is necessary to configure 1 BBU nearby the iron tower.
 If the physical site for hole coverage is configured with 1 – 2 sets of
RRU, it is suggested to connect the fiber from the nearest backbone
BBU, instead of from tower-top backbone RRU.
 For multiple sets of RRUs sharing the iron tower, the isolation
between TX/Rx and RX must greater than 30dB.
 Internal Use▲

Key Technique of Multi-carrier RU/RRU – SRC

 SRC (rate change) – realizes the rate change between GSM
signal and UMTS signal: 270.833ksps<——>3.84Mbcps
 In the DL direction, the GSM signal is transformed to the UMTS
signal through SRC; in the UL direction, the broadband signal is
transformed to the GSM narrowband signal through SRC.
 With SRC, the transceiver used at the RF front can receive and
transmit both GSM signal and UMTS signal in the mean time.
 Internal Use▲

Key Technique of Multi-carrier RU/RRU – DPD

 DPD – Digital Pre-distortion technique
 Due to the non-linearity of PA, the output multi-carrier signal is
in serious inter-modulation distortion. Therefore, the pre-
distortion linearity technique is needed to achieve the
broadband, multi-carrier, ultra-linearity, and highly-effective
power amplification.
 Internal Use▲

Key Technique of Multi-carrier RU/RRU – DPD

 The pre-distortion processor pre-distorts the input signal,
秘密▲
making its distortion feature the opposite of that of the post non-
linearity power amplification. In this way, when the pre-distorted
signal is transmitted through the non-linearity power amplifier,
the distortion feature of the post non-linearity power
amplification offsets the pre-distortion feature. Therefore, the
final output signal is an equal linear power amplification of the
input signal.
Input signal Del ay Pre-distortion HPA Output signal

Table address Pre-distortion

generation module param eter table

P re-distortion parameter Feedback signal

self-adaption estimator sample module

 Internal Use▲

Application of RSU60E & R8860E

 RSU60E / R8860E uses the ADTR instead of the previous DTR.

Compared with RSU60 (80W) /R8860 (80W), they have the same
cabinet-top output power, but the working bandwidth and RF
indices are greatly improved. The bandwidth of a single module
can reach up to 20M.
 From Oct. 1, 2010, ZTE stops delivering RSU60/R8860, and
deliver RSU60E and R8860E instead.
 Internal Use▲

Application of RSU60E & R8860E

 Difference in names for RSU60/RSU60E modules

　 RSU60/RSU60E Remarks
We do not distinguish the new
Name defined by
module and the old one in the
pre-sales RSU60
pre-sales stage, and needs not
engineers
inform the customer about it.
Name configured in
RSU60 RSU60E Add E to distinguish both of them
ECC
Name in the
RSU60 RSU60E 　
shipping list

The label of RSU60 and that of

Name in the label RSU60 RSU60E
RSU60E are different.
Name displayed on
RSU60 RSU60E 　
NMs
 Internal Use▲

Application of RSU60E & R8860E

 Names of R8860/R8860E in different systems
　 R8860 Remarks
Name defined by pre-sales
R8860
engineers

Add E to distinguish
Name configured in ECC R8860 GU**8 (DC) R8860 GU**8 (DC/E)
both of them

ZXSDR R8860 GU**8 RA ZXSDR R8860 GU**8 RA

Name in the shipping list (DC, TX ***MHz- (DC, TX ***MHz- 　
***MHz) ***MHz) (V1.10)

No difference for
ZXSDR R8860 GU**8 RA ZXSDR R8860 GU**8 RA labels of
Name in the label (DC, TX ***MHz- (DC, TX ***MHz- R8860 (but
***MHz) ***MHz) different in
appearance)

Name displayed on NMs R8860 (DTR-GUxxx) R8860 (ADTR-GUxxx) 　

 Internal Use▲

Application of RSU60E & R8860E

 Difference in appearance
RSU60 Vs RSU60E
 Internal Use▲

Application of RSU60E & R8860E

 Difference in appearance
R8860 Vs R8860E

R8860 R8860E
 Internal Use▲

Application of RSU60E & R8860E

 Difference in NM interfaces
RSU60 Vs RSU60E
 Internal Use▲

Application of RSU60E & R8860E

 Difference in NM interfaces
R8860 Vs R8860E
 Internal Use▲

Contents

Basic Concepts of SDR

Structure of SDR Base Station
BBU
RU/RRU
Interfaces between BBU and RU/RRU
Special Functions of SDR Base Station
 Internal Use▲

BBU and RU/RRU Interface Protocol Stack

BBU APP APP RRU

FTP CPP CPP FTP

TCP UDP UDP TCP

IP IP

IQ MAC MAC IQ

LINK LINK

PHY PHY

FIBER
 Internal Use▲

Optical Fiber Interface

 Each FS board supports 6 fiber interfaces.

 Each RU supports 2 fiber interfaces.
 The fiber supports both star-type and link-type networking
 For link-type networking, at most 4 RUs can be connected in
cascading mode.
 BBU is at most 40 Km away from the RU.
 Internal Use▲

CPRI Interface Configuration Rules

 BBU is configured with commercial-level SFP: 1.25G/1310nm single mode
optical module with transmitting and receiving integrated
 RSU is configured with industrial-level SFP: 1.25G/1310nm single mode
optical module with transmitting and receiving integrated
 RRU has been configured SFP itself, so it is unnecessary to configure
additional SFP.
 Fibers between BBU and RSU need not be configured separately. Number
of fibers to be delivered depends on the quantity of RSUs, and it will not be
configured on ECC.
 CPRI of the BS8800 main cabinet uses the electrical interface and high-
speed cables. That of both the main cabinet and the extension cabinet use
the optical interface.
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Contents

Basic Concepts of SDR

Structure of SDR Base Station
BBU
RU/RRU
Interfaces between BBU and RU/RRU
Special Functions of SDR Base Station
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High Integration
 BBU supports 60 TRXs.
 RU supports 6TRX/2TRX.
 A fiber can support 24 TRX
 Support smooth evolution to LTE and HSPA+
 All IP transmission based structure
 Support multi-band RRU
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Flexible Structure
 Support macro-base station
 Support remote RU
 Support both FE/GE and E1/T1
 Support both indoor and outdoor requirements
 Small volume and light weight
 Energy efficient
 Support evolution of the technology
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New Functions
 Baseband frequency hopping
 Transmitting and receiving diversity
 Combine multiple carriers
 Applied for express railways
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Cost-effective
 Lower unit cost
 Lower typical networking cost
 Lower operation cost
 Lower maintenance cost
Special SDR Function – Baseband Frequency Internal Use▲

Hopping
Basic concept (1)

 Frequency hopping refers to that multiple frequencies are used

for radio transmission of a single speech/signaling/data link.
The transmission frequency keeps stable within the
transmission period of a burst pulse. For different burse pulses
of the same link, the transmission frequency may change. The
MS may be affected by the fading effect of some frequency on
the transmission path. GSM coding and inter-leaving
technology helps to minimize the impact of single-burst lost to
the voice quality.
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Basic concept (2)

 Baseband frequency hopping means that multiple

transmitters work on their respective frequencies, and
switch signals of different channels to different transmitters
to send them on the baseband, thus to achieve the
function of frequency hopping.
 The function of frequency hopping is easy and feasible.
Because of limited number of TRXs, there are a just a few
frequencies available for frequency hopping.
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Baseband Frequency Hopping Technology

 For baseband frequency hopping, each RU has a fixed frequency. The
baseband board figures out the frequency of each timeslot over the
TDMA frame according to frame No. (FN), mobile allocation table
(MA), mobile allocation index offset (MAIO), and frequency hopping
serial No. (HSN). Then, the baseband board switches the data to the
corresponding RU according to the frequency, and receives uplink
data from the corresponding RU. The baseband frequency hopping
can be implemented by DSP, or FS or FPGA on the BP board. At
present, a DSP processes one frequency hopping group, which can
have 12 frequencies at most.
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Special SDR Function – MCUM

 Multi-carrier Unite Combine (MCUM) is a product after 3G

OTSR is introduced into the GSM system.
 To meet complex requirements for coverage and high-speed
moving, antennas are placed at multiple positions and multiple
angles to cover each single cell.
 The SDR solves the problem about antenna extension and
repeaters by distributing the RRU remotely.
 Downlink signals of multiple RRUs are same. The uplink
perform selective combination, that is, MCUM.
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TRX and Carrier

RU1, Channel 1

RU1, Channel 2
Channel1
RU1, Channel 3
U
B F
Channel 2
P S
G

Channel 3
RU2, Channel 1

RU2, Channel 2

RU3, Channel 3
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Network Coverage of Express Railways

Cell
n
A
b
i
s
口
BBU
Cell
2

Cell
1
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Technical Features
 The downlink of multiple carriers are same signals.
 TRXs of an RU should be processed on the same UBPG. A
UPBG can process 12 TRXs at most.
 Uplink signals are combined selectively, which can improve
sensitivity.
 Quantity of configured RUs increases.
 Quantity of configured UBPGs increases.
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Course Review

 Basic structure of SDR

 Functions of the boards
 Features of SDR
内部公开▲