Advance Chemistry – I

B.S.Ed - V
SUBMMITTED TO;
MA’AM FATIMA
SUMITTED BY :
ALMAS LIAQAT
Nutrients in soil:
 Soil is a major source of nutrients needed by
plants for growth. The three main nutrients
are nitrogen (N), phosphorus (P) and
potassium (K).
 Together they make up the trio known as
NPK.
 Other important nutrients are calcium,
magnesium and sulfur.
Types of Nutrients:

 There are two types of nutrients;

1. Micro nutrient
2. Macro nutrients
 Micronutrients:

 The essential dietary nutrients which are required in small amount is called
micronutrients.
 Types of micro nutrients:
Micronutrients can be divided into four groups;
1.  water-soluble vitamins,
2. fat-soluble vitamins,
3. Macrominerals
4. trace minerals.
 Macronutrients:

 Nutrients that plants require in larger amounts are called macronutrients. About half of
the essential elements are considered macronutrients: 
carbon, hydrogen, oxygen, nitrogen, phosphorus, potassium, calcium, magnesium,
and sulfur
 Types Of Macronutrients:
There are 7 types of macronutrients
 carbohydrates, Proteins, fats, Vitamins, minerals, fiber and water.
It is important that everyone consumes 
Ion Exchanges:

 Ion exchange is an acyclic process. That means the exchanges of

ions on the soil surface with ions in soil solution.
 Ion exchange involves the movement of cations (positively charged
elements like calcium, magnesium, and sodium) and anions
(negatively charged elements like chloride, and compounds like
nitrate) through the soils.
Soil pH

 Soil pH is a measure of the acidity or alkalinity of soil, which

affects the availability of plant nutrients, the activity of
microorganisms, and the solubility of soil minerals. Major factors
affecting soil pH are temperature and rainfall, which control the
intensity of leaching and soil mineral weathering.
Nutrient Availability

> pH can affect nutrient availability by:

 formation of low solubility compounds,
 greater retention by soil colloids (clays and organic matter),
 conversion of soluble forms to ions that plants can not absorb
 Can inhibit or stimulate microbial activity.
Conti…..

Soil
 An upper and biochemically weathered portion of the earth
 Composed of weathered rock material, organic matter, water, and
air Supports plant life
Plant Nutrient
 The elements which are required for proper growth, development,
and reproduction of plants.