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Role of Sesame Seed in

Alleviating Renal Dysfunction

Hajrah Ilyas
2015-ag-5409
M.Sc. (Hons.) Human Nutrition and Dietetics

National Institute of Food Science & Technology

University of Agriculture
Faisalabad 2
Road map

Need of the project

Hypothesis

Review of literature

Objectives

Plan of work

References 3
Need of Project

• CKD
– A general term for affecting kidney structure and function
(Slevey, 2012)
– Defined as decreased kidney function shown by glomerular
filtration rate (GFR) of less than 60 mL/min
› Main causes of CKD in all countries
– DM
– HNT
› Presence of proteinuria is associated with progression of
CKD and death
(Zoccali et al., 2017)

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Prevalence
Risk factors:

In developed countries › Age

− In 1988 to 1994 = 19.4% › Low Birth Weight

− In 2003 to 2004 = 25.1% › Family History

− In 2011 to 2012 = 21.7% › Smoking

(Murphy, 2016)
› Obesity

In Pakistan › Hypertension

− Highest prevalence = 29.9% › Diabetes Mellitus

− Lowest prevalence = 12.5% › CVD

(Hasan et al., 2018) (Kazancioğlu, 2013)
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Hypothesis

Lignans compounds in sesame seed oil may have positive

effect on renal dysfunction

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 Sesame Seed
Sesamum indicum L.

Lignans Tocopherols
• Sesamin • 𝜸-Tocopherol
• sesamolin • Higher levels than of 𝛼-
• Sesamol tocopherol
• Strong antioxidant effect in • Stronger biological activity
vivo • Inhibited arterial superoxide
• Inhibited lipid peroxidation anion formation
in liver and kidney • Lipid peroxidation
• Antihypertension • LDL oxidation
• Oxidative stress attenuation

(Wan et al., 2014) 7

Review of literature

Antihypertensive and antioxidant effects of dietary black

sesame meal in pre-hypertensive humans

Method:
30 prehyper-tensive subjects
∆ 2 equal groups ingested each day for 4 weeks

Result:
∆ Black sesame
∆ Meal ∆ Black sesame
meal significantly
capsules meal significantly
(2.52 gdecreased
of increased
black › Systolic BP
sesame ) › MDA level
› Oxidant stress

(Wichitsranoi et al., 2011) 8

Review of literature

∆ White sesame seed oil mitigates blood glucose level, reduces

oxidative stress, and improves biomarkers of hepatic and renal
function in participants with type 2 DM
Method:
∆ 46 participants with type 2 DM
∆ Two equal groups:

Result:
∆1-when compared with DCON
Diabetic
control
(DCON)

(Aslam et al., 2018)

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Review of literature

Study:
∆ Curative effect of sesame oil in a rat model of chronic kidney
disease
Method:
∆ CKD induced in rats by injecting:
∆ Deoxycortic-osterone acetate (DOCA) , ∆1% NaCl in
drinking water
Result:
∆ 4 ∆ Significantly ∆ Significantly
weeks decreased increased
› Peroxynitrite level
later › Lipid peroxidation
› Osteopontin

(Liu et al., 2015) 10

Objectives

Oil extraction from sesame

seeds

Proximate Analysis

Check the effect of SSO on

renal dysfunction

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Plan of work

Procurement the raw material

Extraction of oil from sesame seed

Analysis of oil

Filling of oil in capsule

Rats Trails

Statistical Analysis
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Extraction of Oil
Sieving Washing Drying

Roasting

Extracted Oil
Crushing

Solvent
Distillation Filteration Extracction
(Rostamia et al., 2014)
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Induced CKD In rats

• In rats CKD induced by subcutaneous (s.c.) injection of

– DOCA (15 mg/kg, twice a week) in vehicle and
– 1% NaCl as drinking water for 35 days.
• Deoxycorticosterone acetate
– a synthetic mineralocorticoid derivative
– commonly used agent for animal model CKD.
(Liu et al., 2015)

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Treatment Plan

Treatment Form of SSO Quantity of SSO

G0 Placebo Placebo

G1 Capsule 0.5ml/kg B.W

G2 Capsule 0.75ml/kg B.W

G3 Capsule 1ml/kg B.W

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Proximate analysis
Physicochemical analysis Method

Specific gravities (AOAC, 2016)

Oil density (AOAC, 2016)
Iodine value (AOAC, 2016)
Oil content (AOAC, 2016)

Physical analysis Method

› Volume Dutta et al., 1972

› Density
Surface area (S) Mcabe et al., 1986

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Biochemical analysis

• Serum BUN
• CRE
• CCR
(Hsu et al., 2015)

Statistical analysis

• Data taken will be subjected to appropriate statistical analysis

(Montgomery, 2017)

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References

• AOAC (Association of Official Analysis Chemists). 2016.

Official Method of analysis of AOAC International, 20th Ed.
AOAC International, ARL, USA.
• Aslam, F., S. Iqbal., M. Nasir., A.A. Anjum, P. Swan and K.
Sweazea. 2017. Evaluation of sesame oil on glucose control and
biomarkers of hepatic, cardiac, and renal functions in male
sprague dawley rats with chemically induced diabetics. Journal
of Medicinal Food. 1:1-10.
• Fukuda, Y., T. Osawa, M. Namiki, and T. Ozaki. Studies on
antioxidant substances in sesame seed. 2014. Journal of
Agriculture and Biology Chemistry. 49:301-306.

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References
• HSU, D.Z., Y.H. Li, P.Y. Chu, S. Periasamy, and M.Y. Liu. 2011.
Sesame oil prevents acute kidney injury induced by the synergistic
action of aminoglycoside and iodinated Contrast in rats. Journal of
Anti-microbial Agents and Chemotherapy. 55: 2532-2536.
• Kazancioglu , R., 2011. Risk factor for chronic kidney disease.
Journal of Kidney International Supplements. 3:360-371.
• Liu, C. –T., S.P. Chien, D.Z. Hsu, . P. Srinivasan and M.Y. Liu.
2015. Curative effect of sesame oil in a rat model of chronic kidney
disease. Journal of Nephrology. 20:922-930.
• Montgomery, D.C. 2017. Design and analysis of experiments, 9 th
Ed. John Wiley and Sons. Inc. Hoboken, NJ, USA.
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References
• Rostami; , M., V. Farzaneh, A. Boujmehrani, M. Mohammad.
and H. Bakhshabadi. 2014. Optimizing extraction process of
sesame seed oil using responsesurface method on the industrial
scale. Journal of Industrial Crops and Product. 58:160-165.
• Sankar, D., M.R. RAO, G. Sambada and K.V. Pugalendi. 2006.
Effects of sesame oil on diuretics or B-blockers in the
modulation of blood pressure , anthropometry, lipid profile ,
and redox status. Journal of Biology and Medicine. 79:19-26.
• Shimoyoshi., S., D. Takamoto, H. Masutomi, Y. Kishimoto, A.
Amamo, Y.one, H.Shibata, and. A. Ishigami. 2017. Sesamin and
sesamin combined with alpha-tocopherol improve age-related
kidney dysfunction. Journal of Innovation in Aging. 1:458-460.

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References
• Tunde-Akintunde, T. and B.O. Akintunde. 2004. Some physical
properties of sesame seed. Journal Of Biosystem Engineering.
88:127-129.
• Wichitsranoi, J., N. Weerapreeyakul, P. Baonsiri., C. Settasatian,
N. Settasat, N. Komonasin, S. Sirijaichingkul, Y. Teerajetgul, N.
Rangkadilok. and N. Leelayuuet. 2011. Antihypertensive and
antioxidant effects of dietary black seaame meal in pre-
hypertensive humans. Nutrition Journal. 10:82-84.
• Wan, Y. H. Li, G. Fu, X. Chen, F. Chen. and M. Xie. 2015. The
relationship of antioxidant components and antioxidant activity of
sesame seed oil. Journal of Science Food and agriculture. 95:2571-
2578.
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