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12 - Lavoisier : Group 3…

Naming and Writing Chemical

Formula
Topic I - IV
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The Chemical Formula Mass Gases

Componets and Chemical Relationship
of Matter Equation

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 What is Chemical Formula?
Types of Chemical Formula:
Structural Formula Empirical Formula Molecular Formula
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Binary Ionic Compound

1+ 0
-is composed of ions of two different
elements- 2+ 3+ 3- 2- 1-
one of which is a metal, and the a nonmetal.

Non-
Metal
metal

cation anion
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Transition
Metal
 Metals With Multiple
Ions
 Many transition metals
form more than one type
of ion
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Naming and Writing

BINARY IONIC COMPOUND
In naming Binary Ionic
EXAMPLES:
compound the name of the
Sodium and Chlorine Sodium Chloride
cation followed by the name of
Aluminum and Bromine Aluminum Bromide
the anion with the suffix –ide.
Zinc and Iodine Zinc Iodide
 If your cation is Transition Metal,
use the suffix- ous for lower TRANSITION METALS
 write the charge as Roman Numeral
charge and -ic for higher charge.
2+
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Iron = Iron (II) = Ferrous (II)

3+
Iron = Iron (III) = Ferric (III)
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Writing Formula
1. Get the charge of all
EXAMPLES:
the atoms involved Sodium Chloride Aluminum Bromide Zinc Iodide
2. Criss-cross the
charges of two atoms Na1+ Cl1− Al3+Br1− Zn2+I1−
to become the 1 1 1 1 2
3
subscript of the other
atom. If the new NaCl AlBr3 ZnI2
subscript is 1, do not TRANSITION METALS
write anymore Ferrous Oxide or Iron (II) Oxide
Ferric Oxide or Iron (III) Oxide
3. Keep the subscript to
Fe2+O2− FeO
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lowest possible
Fe O 3+ 2−
Fe2O3
2 3 2 2
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Binary Covalent Compound

Binary molecular (covalent) compounds are formed as the result of a reaction between two nonmetals. The less
electronegative non-metal comes first followed by the more electronegative non-metal.
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Naming and Writing

BINARY COVALENT COMPOUND

Formula to Name:
1. Get subscript of the two non-metals then put them as prefixes before the name of the elements.
2. Put the suffix- ide to the last element.

Name to Formula
3. Write the two non-metals as chemical symbol
4. Get the prefixes then find their numerical values, those values will be the subscripts for two
elements.
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EXAMPLES:
Formula to Name: Name to Formula

N2 O nitrogen dioxide NO2

dinitrogen monoxide nitrogen monoxide NO
]

N2O3 sulfur
SBr6
dinitrogen trioxide hexabromide
N2O5 tetraphosphorus
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P4O10
dinitrogen pentoxide decoxide
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Polyatomic Ions
Polyatomic ions are ions which
consist of more than one atom.
The atoms in a polyatomic ion are
usually covalently bonded to one
another, and therefore stay
together as a single, charged unit.
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NaCO3
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Naming and Writing

POLYATOMIC IONS
Writing formulas
1. Use the name of an ionic compound to write its formula. The symbol of the cation is first,
followed by the symbol of the anion .
2. Use subscripts to show the ratio of the ions in the compound.
3. Parentheses are used with the subscript for polyatomic ions.
Naming Polyatomic Ions
4. Simply know the name of the element and polyatomic Ion the write as it is
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EXAMPLES:
Name to Formula
Lithium Carbonate Li2CO3 Aluminum Sulfate Al2(SO4)3

Li CO3 Al SO4
Li CO1+ 2- Al SO4
3+ 2-
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3
2 1 2 3
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Formula to Name
KMn04 Ca(OH)2

Potassium permanganate Calcium Hydroxide

NaOH Ba(NO3)2
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Sodium Hydroxide Barium Nitrate

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12 - Lavoisier : Group 3…

Balancing a Chemical
Equation
Topic I - IV
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The Chemical Formula Mass Gases

Componets and Chemical Relationship
of Matter Equation

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What are Balanced and Unbalanced

Equations?
 A balanced equation is an equation for a chemical reaction in which the
number of atoms for each element in the reaction and the total charge is the
same for both the reactants and the products. In other words, the mass and
the charge are balanced on both sides of the reaction.
 While, an unbalanced chemical equation lists the reactants and products in a
chemical reaction but doesn't state the amounts required to satisfy the
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conservation of mass.
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Balancing a Chemical
Equation
Because the identities of the
reactants and products are fixed,
the equation cannot be balanced
by changing the subscripts of the
reactants or the products. To do
so would change the chemical
identity of the species being
described, as illustrated in the
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figure.
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Methods for Balancing Chemical Equations

Inspection
 The simplest and most generally useful method for balancing chemical
equations is “inspection,” better known as trial and error. The following is an
efficient approach to balancing a chemical equation using this method.
The Algebraic Balancing Method
 This method of balancing chemical equations involves assigning algebraic
variables as stoichiometric coefficients to each species in the unbalanced
chemical equation. These variables are used in mathematical equations and are
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solved to obtain the values of each stoichiometric coefficient.

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Steps in Balancing a chemical Equation

1. Identify the most complex substance.
2. Beginning with that substance, choose an element(s) that appears in only one reactant
and one product, if possible. Adjust the coefficients to obtain the same number of
atoms of this element(s) on both sides.
3. Balance polyatomic ions (if present on both sides of the chemical equation) as a unit.
4. Balance the remaining atoms, usually ending with the least complex substance and
using fractional coefficients if necessary. If a fractional coefficient has been used,
multiply both sides of the equation by the denominator to obtain whole numbers for the
coefficients.
5. Count the numbers of atoms of each kind on both sides of the equation to be sure that
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the chemical equation is balanced.

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Examples of Balancing Chemical Equations

●  CO2 + H2O → C6H12O6 + O2
First,
● 6CO2 + H2O → C6H12O6 + O2
Next,
● 6CO2 + 6H2O → C6H12O6 + O2
Now or lastly,
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● 6CO2 + 6H2O → C6H12O6 + 6O2

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Examples of Balancing Chemical Equations

●  SiCl4 + H2O → H4SiO4 + HCl
First,
● SiCl4 + H2O → H4SiO4 + 4HCl
Next,
● SiCl4 + 4H2O → H4SiO4 + 4HCl
Last,
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● SiCl4 + 4H2O → H4SiO4 + 4HCl

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Examples of Balancing Chemical Equations

●  Al + HCl → AlCl3 + H2

First,
● Al + 2HCl → AlCl3 + H2

Next,
● Al + 6HCl → 2AlCl3 + H2
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Then,
● 2Al + 6HCl → 2AlCl3 + H2