DEMOGRAPHY

PRESENTED BY ROLL NO : 1-8

GUIDED BY DR.AMRITHA SWATHI
DEMOGRAPHY
FAMILY SURVEY
 INTRODUCTION
DEMOGRAPHIC CYCLE
FIELD STUDY

Presenter: AFREEN M TATAGAR

Roll No: 01
 INTRODUCTION
• Demography: It is a scientific study of human population,
which focuses on changes in the population size, the
composition of population and the distribution of population in
space.
• It mainly deals with 5 demographic processes namely
• i) Fertility
• ii) Mortality
• iii) Marriage
• iv) Migration and
• v) Social mobility
 DEMOGRAPHIC CYCLE

Stage Birth rate Death rate Example

High stationary High High India in 1920
Early expanding Remains Declines Developing countries in
Unchanged South Asia & Africa
Late expanding Falls Declines India
further
Low Stationary Low Low Austria
Declining <death rate >birth rate Germany & Hungary
 FIELD STUDY

• Name Of The Place : ESI MEDICAL COLLEGE,GULBARGA

• Total No. Of Families Surveyed : 25
• Total No. Of Individuals Surveyed : 79
AGE AND SEX COMPOSITION
AGE PYRAMID
SEX RATIO

Presenter: AISHWARYA ANIL

Roll No: 02
 AGE WISE DISTRIBUTION

Categories Age Distribution No & (%)

Family Survey
Infant Upto 1 year of age 0 0%
Toddler/Preschool 1-4 years of age 0 0%
School Going Children 5-14 years of age 7 8.86 %
Adolescence 10-19 years of age 13 16.45 %
Adults 20-60 years of age 59 74.68 %
Geriatrics Above 60 years of age 0 0%
 AGE WISE DISTRIBUTION (Graph)
Column1

60

50

40
Column1
30

20

10

0
upto 1yr 1-4 yrs 5-14 yrs 15-19 yrs 20-60 yrs >60 yrs
AGE PYRAMID OF DEVELOPED COUNTRIES
AGE PYRAMID FOR THE GIVEN AREA

0-4
5 to 9
10 to14
15 to 19
20 to24
25 to 29
30 to 34 male
35 to 39 female
40 to 44
45 to 49
50 to 54
55 to 59
60 to 64
15 10 5 0 5 10 15
 IMPORTANCE OF AGE PYRAMID
• Age pyramid generally represents the structure of population of
a region on the basis of age and sex
• This graphical representation provides a great deal of
information about fertility ,mortality and migration or population
dynamics
• The age pyramid of India is typical of developing countries,with a
broad base and a tapering top. In the developed countries ,as in
Switzerland ,the pyramid shows a bulge in the middle , and has a
narrower base
 SEX RATIO

• It is defined as “the number of females per 1000 males”.

• One of the basic demographic characteristics of the population is
the sex composition.
• It is affected by
• 1.Differentials in mortality conditions of males and females.
• 2.Sex selective migration.
• 3.Sex ratio at birth.
Female deficit syndrome is considered adverse because of social
implications.
 IMPORTANCE
Low sex ratio indicates :-
• Strong male child preference
• Gender inequality
• Neglect of the girl child
• Female feticide
• Higher maternal mortality
• Male biasing in enumeration of population
 STATISTICS FOR SEX RATIO

• India- 940 females per 1000 males ( As Per 2011 census)

• Karnataka - 973 females per 1000 males ( As Per 2011

census)

• GIVEN AREA –756 females per 1000 males

 SEX RATIO OF GIVEN AREA
• Graphical presentation

males
females
 DEPENDENCY RATIO

Presenter: AMALA PAPPACHAN

Roll No: 04
 DEPENDENCY RATIO
• Definition :The ratio of combined age groups 0-14 years plus 65 years and above to
the 15-65 years age group is referred to as the total dependency ratio.
• Total dependency Ratio = Children 0-14 years age + Population more x 100
than 65 years of age
Population of 15-64 years
Dependency ratio can be divided into :
 Young Age dependency ratio
 Old age dependency ratio
• Dependency ratio gives the proportion of persons to whom the persons in
economically active age group need to support
DEPENDENCY RATIO OF POPULATION
UNDER SURVEY

• Population in 0-14 years = 7

• Population more than 65 years = 0
• Population in 15-64 years = 72

Total dependency ratio of given population is 9.72 %

Young dependency ratio = 9.72%
Old dependency ratio = 0
• For India the dependency ratio for the year mid 2020 is 48.7%
DEPENDENCY RATIO OF GIVEN AREA
(GRAPH)

<15yrs >65 yrs 15-64 yrs

DEMOGRAPHIC BONUS
• The period where dependency ratio in population declines because of decline
in fertility until it starts rising again because of increase in longevity.
• Any investment in health care and education for skill development are made
during this period gives maximum advantage.

DEMOGRAPHIC BURDEN
• The period where increase in total dependency ratio mostly caused by
increased old age dependency ratio.
• It is inevitable consequences of demographic transition.
 FAMILY
TYPES OF FAMILY
FAMILY SIZE

Presenter: AKSHAYA A S
Roll No: 03
 FAMILY
• Primary unit of all societies.
DEFINITION: Group of biologically related individuals living
together, eating from a common kitchen and sharing a common
purse.
TYPES OF FAMILY
 Nuclear family
 Joint family
 Three generation
 NUCLEAR FAMILY

• Consists of married couples and their children while they are still
regarded as dependents.
Advantages Disadvantages
 Husband wife relation  greater burden in terms
will be more intimate of responsibilities in
 Economic independence child rearing
and female emancipation  Fragile unity
 Erosion of religion and
cultural values
 Limited leisure
 JOINT FAMILY
Characteristics:
Consists of no. of married couples and their children who live together in some
threshold. All the men are related by blood and women of household are their
wife unmarried girls and widows of family.All the properties are held in
common.All the authority is usually nested in the senior male members of the
family

MERITS DEMERITS
 Sharing of responsibility
 Communicable diseases are
 Greater economic and social common
security.  Lack of privacy and freedom
 Preservation of social value.  Conflicts
 Inhibition of personal growth
 UNDER SURVEY:

Type of family No. of houses

Nuclear family 25
Joint family 0
 FAMILY SIZE
DEFINITION :
Total Number of children a women has borne at a
point in time.
TOTAL NO. OF CHILDREN TOTAL NO. OF FAMILIES

0 0

1 19

2 6

3 0

4 0
 FAMILY CYCLE
RELIGION

Presenter: AMINA
Roll No: 05
 FAMILY CYCLE
Events Beginning of End of phase No ( % )
characterizing phase family Survey

i. Formation Marriage Birth of first child 0

ii. Extension Birth of first child Birth of last child 23(92%)
iii. Complete Birth of last child First child leaves 2(8%)
extension home
iv. Contraction First child leaves Last child leaves 0
home home of family
v. Completed Last child has left First spouse dies 0
contraction home of parents
vi. Dissolution First spouse dies Death of survivor 0
(Extinction)
 Marital status(in the given area)

• Number of married people- 48

• Number of unmarried people- 31
Eligible couple : refers to currently married couple wherein the wife is the
reproductive age which is generally assumed to lie between the ages of 15-
45yrs.

In India : 150-180 per 1000 population

Target couple : refers to who have had 2-3 living children, and family planning
was largely directed to such couples.
 Fertility regulating methods in family survey

cpr calculation

No. of eligible couples No. of eligible couples using

contraceptive not , temp,per
11 8
 Religion
Religion No. of houses and
percentage
Hindu 15 60%

Muslim 5 20%

Christian 5 20%
 LITERACY
EDUCATION

Presenter: ANAGHA A S
Roll No: 07
 Literacy
• A person is said to be literate if he/she can read and write with
understanding in any recognized language .

• But if person can read but cannot write he is not literate.

 Education table
MALE FEMALE TOTAL
LITERACY
STATUS NUMBER % NUMBER % NUMBER %

ILLITERATE 1 2.22% 1 2.94% 2 2.53%

PRIMARY 3 6.66% 1 2.94% 4 5.06%

SCHOOL
SECONDARY 11 24.44% 2 5.88% 13 16.45%
SCHOOL
PUC 11 24.44% 8 23.52% 19 24.05%

GRADUATE 19 42.22% 22 64.70% 41 51.89%

TOTAL 45 34 79
70.00%
64.70%
60.00%

50.00%
42.22%
40.00%
Male
30.00% Female
24.44% 24.44% 23.52%
20.00%

10.00% 6.66% 5.88%

2.20% 2.94% 2.94%
0.00%
Illiterate Primary School Secondary School PUC Graduation
 LITERACY STATUS OF FAMILIES UNDER
SURVEY
• Crude literacy rate: Number of literate person x 100
Total population in a given year
= 77x100 = 97.47%
79
Effective literacy rate = No. of literate persons aged 7 and above X 100
Population aged 7 and above in a given year
 Effective literacy rate of population under survey is= 77x100
79
= 97.47%
• Female literacy rate= 97.05%
• Male literacy rate = 97.77%
 COMPARISON OF LITERACY RATES
• Literacy rate in India is 74.04%
• Female literacy rate is 65.46%
• Male literacy rate is 82.14%
• Karnataka has literacy rate of 75.60% with highest in
Bangalore(83.91%) and lowest in Raichur (49.54%).
• Kerala has highest literacy rate of 93.91%.
• Bihar has least rate of 63.82%
• Gulbarga has a literacy rate of 64.85%
Reference: 2011 Census
report
 Conclusion
• According to this survey on literacy and education we can see a
high effective literacy rate of 97.46%
• Literacy rate in female is 97.05% and male is 97.77% indicating
shrinkage of gender gap in literacy.
• 64.7% of females are graduate leading to women empowerment.
• High female literacy rate promote better health , decline in child
marriage, fall in maternal and infant mortality rates and also
reduces gender inequality in society.
• Total 51.89%people are graduate ,24% passed PUC and 16.45%
passed Secondary education .So they can apply for various
jobs.
 SOCIO-ECONOMIC STATUS

Presenter: AMRITHA RAMACHANDRAN T V

Roll No: 06
 SOCIO ECONOMIC STATUS
• It is defined as the position that an individual or family
occupies in reference to the prevailing average standards of
cultural and material possessions ,income and participation in
group activity of the community.

• In India, the different socio-economic status scale adopted are

• modified Kuppuswamy scale
• modified BG Prasad scale
 MODIFIED KUPPUSWAMY’S SOCIOECONOMIC SCALE-2020

EDUCATION OF HEAD OF THE FAMILY

Education Score Number %

Profession or Honors 7 8 32

Graduate or Postgraduate 6 6 24

Intermediate or Post high 5 6 24

school
High school certificate 4 4 16

Middle school certificate 3 0 0

Primary school certificate 2 0 0

Illiterate 1 1 4
 OCCUPATION OF HEAD OF THE FAMILY
Occupation Score Number %
Legislature,senior officials,manager 10 6 24

Proffessionals 9 5 20

Technicians,associate proffessionals 8 2 8

Clerks 7 0 0

Skilled workers and shop and market 6 7 28

sales workers
Skilled agricultural and family workers 5 0 0

Craft and related trade workers 4 2 8

Plant and machine operators and 3 0 0

assemblers
Elementary occupation 2 3 12

Unemployed 1 0 0
Family income according to revised edition-2020
Family income Score Number %
per month(in
Rs.)
≥199862 12 1 4

99931-199861 10 2 8
74755-99930 6 3 12

49962-74755 4 6 24
29973-49961 3 7 28

10002-29972 2 3 12

≤10001 1 3 12
 KUPPUSWAMY’S SES SCALE 2020
Total score Socio-economic Number %
class no %
26 - 29 Upper( I ) 7 28

16 - 25 Upper – Middle ( II ) 11 44

11 - 15 Lower – Middle ( III ) 7 28

5 - 10 Upper – Lower ( IV ) 0 0

<5 Lower ( V ) 0 0
Modified BG Prasad’s Social
Classification-2020
Social Class Revised per Number %
capita income
Class I ≥7533 20 80

Class II 3766-7532 4 16

Class III 2260-3765 1 4

Class IV 1130-2259 0 0

Class V ≤1129 0 0
 Distribution of families of socio-economic status
according to kuppuswamy classification
12
11
10

8 7 7
6

2
0 0
0 Class 1 Class 2 Class 3 Class 4 Class 5

number of people .
 VITAL EVENTS
CONCLUSION

Presenter: ANUSHA SEBASTIAN

Roll No: 08
 Vital events
• Number of births = 0
• Number of deaths = 0
• Number of marriages =0
 BIRTH RATE

• Birth rate = No. of live birth X 1000

mid-year population
Birth rate of given area at the given time = 0
 DEATH RATE

• Death rate = No. of deaths X 1000

mid-year population
Death rate of given area at the given time = 0
 MARRIAGE RATE
• Marriage rate = No of marriages x 1000
Mid year population
Marriage rate of given area at the given time = 0
 SUMMARY
• Total no of families= 25
• Total population = 79
• Literacy rate = 97.46%
• Dependency ratio = 9.72
• Religion = Hindus(15),Christian(5),Muslim(5)
• Age and sex ratio = 756 females for 1000 males
Below 18(700 females for 1000 males)
b/w 18-65(1000 females for 1000 males)
above 65 (0 female 0 male)
• Type of family = 25 Nuclear family
• Eligible couples = 11
• Vital events = D(0) B(0) M(0)
Reference: PARK 25th edition