The late middle ages :crisis and

dissolution

Chapter 2
 The late middle ages

Late middle
. ages brought severe economic problems and social
tension. Economic problems occurred as a result of shortage of
agricultural production that led to
starvation and shortage of silver and price rose rapidly.
Compounding economic crises was the Black death that led to
kill about 20000000 people so,
contemporaries viewed this as divine punishment for human
sin.

By Asmaa Osama
 Responses to plague included:-
Panic,abandoning Jewish communities
family and friends were massacred
People didn’t visit Thinking they were
each other. the reason of
plague

Peasant
revolts
Farmers made
revolution Economic and
social tension
By Asmaa AL
sadat
The hundred years’ war conflict between
English and French
English In 1346 and 1356 using
longbows.
inflicted
defeats

After At Agincourt 1415 , England

held most of Northern
England France.
victory

By Asmaa Hassan
Ali
Joan of Arc
● Was a Saint who led a religious war against the English to liberate French
territory except Calais.

● She collected soldiers and later the English executed her.

● When the French learned of her death they excelled the English from French
territory

● the result of the war was that France had been unified and the peasants
suffered from excessive taxation.

By Asmaa Hamdy
 The decline of the papacy :-
● Pope Boniface claimed papal supremacy over secular rulers .
● Issued Unam sanctam 1302 claiming all humans subject to the pope .
● Issued clericis laicos 1296 decreeing that kings and lords can’t tax clergy.
By Asmaa salah
● In 1303 philip captured pope Boniface who died shortly thereafter .
● From 1309 to 1377 papacy was in Avigon and popes were all French.
● Clement moved from Rome to Avigon south France.
● Luxurious lifestyle and avigon added to growing antipapalism.
By Asmaa Atef
Marsiglio
● Separated the secular state from religious authorities.
● He affirmed the sovereignty of the people and civil law
● And sought to greatly limit the power of the papacy .
● Marsiglio describes the state as the defender of the peace and expresses the will of the
people .
● The great schism is the break of communion since Roman catholic and Eastern
orthodox churches.

● The great schism weakened the catholic Church by causing aloss of faith in the
leadership of the catholic Church of Europe.

BY Asmaa Abd AL Hamid ALBakry

 • Problems continued after pope Gregory X1
returned the papcy . to Rome in 1377.
• Urban V1 elected in 1378 but abused cardinals
● . .Cardinals fled , declared the election invalid
elected clement V11 the new pope .Urban and
clement excommunicated each other : now two
popes .Council of pisa in 1409 deposed both
and elected a new pope , but neither deposed
pope recognized the council's decision , so
then there were three .
• By Asmaa Abdelmohsen
• The new council called a constance in 1414 ,and the
schism finally ended in 1417 . Church council met
regularly in fifteenth century to combat heresy , reform
church it remained without popes for fourty years .then
papacy regained it's authority in 1460 , conciliarism was
deemed heretical .
• By Asmaa Awad Saad
John wycliffe
● Stressed
. personal relationship between individual and God.He said that
it's not essential to tells the priest about my guilt and asks him for
forgiveness. He claimed that the Bible was the ultimate Christian
authority as forgiveness is asked from the church.wanted the clergy to
be poor.
Czech Jan Hus (c. 1369-1415).Wycliffe's ideas welcomed by Czech
reformers like Hus.Hus advocated vernacular translations of the
Bible.The reason for the control of the church that people speaks
different languages, English and French, but the Bible is written in the
Latin language, which starts to weak.Criticized upper clergy for luxury
and immorality as it's not moral.Hus and some of Wycliffe's followers
were burned at the stake.Yet the ideas would remain and merged with
doctrines of the reformation.

By Asmaa Fathy Metwally

Breakup of the thomistic synthesis
● 1
"*Duns Scotus (was a Scottish Catholic priest and Franciscan friar, university
professor, philosopher, and theologian)_Held that human reason cannot prove
that God is omnipotent._Thomistic ralationship of reason and revelation was
altered._It was now held that articles of faith were to be believed, not
proved._Snapped the link of reason and faith that Aristotle and scholastics had
forged.

BY Asmaa Mohamed Ahmed

William of ockham
● .(c1285_1349)William of Ockham espoused fideism, stating that
"only faith gives us access to theological truths. The ways of God
are not open to reason, for God has freely chosen to create a world
and establish a way of salvation within it apart from any necessary
laws that human logic or rationality can uncover." He believed that
science was a matter of discovery and saw God as the only
ontological necessity. His importance is as a theologian with a
strongly developed interest in logical method, and whose approach
was critical rather than system building.Theologically, Ockham is a
fideist, maintaining that belief in God is a matter of faith rather than
knowledge. Against the mainstream, he insists that theology is not a
science and rejects all the alleged proofs of the existence of God.
Ockham's ethics is a divine command theory.
By Asmaa Mohamed AbdelAzeez
 The Middle Ages and the Modern world:
(Continuity and Discontinuity)*cities. * middle class.
* state system. *university. *common low.
*New business. * bookkeeping. *scholars preserved
priceless Greek and Arabic thought*Feudal traditions
lingered up through French Revolution*Medieval idea of
noble and aristocratic ideals continued into modern world.
By Asmaa Hany
• There are factors that lasted until the middle ages.
• European society developed in crucial ways for the west.
• Technology and inventiveness linked to Christianity in
middle age unlike modern times.
• They used the machine against religion.
• Individual worth and human spirtual equality so everyone
is equal.
• Wastern civilization is based on judeo christian traditions.
• The king governs by laws and this continue till now.
By Eatemad saber
 ..

- *Characteristic medieval outlook very different from the modern.

.

- People in the Middle Ages were just as much individuals with their own ideas as
people are now. In Europe, the Roman Catholic church was extremely powerful, and
most people paid at least lip service to its tenets, whereas in contemporary Europe,
active churchgoers are a small minority of the population. Perhaps connected with
the predominance of Christianity with its origin story of the expulsion from the garden
of Eden, social thought in the Middle Ages tended to assume a myth of human
decline, rather than the overarching myth of human progress found in 20th-century
western culture.
 ..
- *Modern view sees nature and human intellect as self-
. sufficient.*
- They postulated the uniformity of nature, reject hierarchy, Break the rigid
tripartite division of medieval society, Reject the personal and customary
character of feudal law, and find a law more objective. They articulated a
new outlook on the infinite universe that challenged the medieval idea
that human beings are unique children of God. –
Modern outlook developed gradually from the Renaissance
to the eighteenth century.*
The Renaissance was a cultural movement that profoundly affected
European intellectual life in the early modern period. Beginning in Italy, and
spreading to the rest of Europe by the 16th century, its influence was felt in
art, architecture, philosophy, literature, music, science, technology, politics,
religion, and other aspects of intellectual inquiry .
By Afnan Taha
 ..

● Leader Asmaa Mohamad Ahmed

● Power Point Asmaa Atef Khalaf